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Z Year3 Acute Med > Allergic Disorder > Flashcards

Allergic Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypersesntivity pneumonitis?

A

inflammation of the alveoli and distal bronchioles caused by an immune response to inhaled allergen

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2
Q

Why is it imporant to ask about occupation?

A

Occupational exposure to organic dust is the key epidemiological factor - most commonly including Actinomycetes bacteria, animal proteins, or reactive chemicals.

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3
Q

What is the patho of HP?

A

also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is the result of non-IgE mediated immunological inflammation

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4
Q

What is the presentation of allergic disorder?

A
  1. Exposure to avian protein antigen, especially excrement
  2. Mould in work environment
  3. Occupation exposure to chemicals
  4. Dyspnoea
  5. Non-productive cough
  6. Productive cough
  7. Fever/chills
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5
Q

What Ix is done in allergic disorder?

A
  • ESR: high

- Albumin: low

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6
Q

What is DDx for allergic disorder?

A
  1. Viral pneumonia

2. Sarcoidosis

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7
Q

What is Mx of allergic disorder?

A

1st line: avoidance of antigen
Corticosteroid taper
Long-term low-dose corticosteroid therapy

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8
Q

What are complications of allergic disorder?

A
  1. Progressive deterioration
  2. Hypoxaemia
  3. Death
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9
Q

What reactant is in Type 1 Hypersensitivity reactions?

A

IgE

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10
Q

What is the patho in Type 1 Hypersensitivity reactions?

A
  • Mast-cell activation releases histamines and other mediators
  • Minuets
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11
Q

What is an example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

anaphylaxis

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12
Q

What reactant is in Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

IgG

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13
Q

What is the patho of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

antigens embedded in host cells cause complement activation and destruction by MAC

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14
Q

What is an example of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Acute transfusion reaction

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15
Q

What is reactant is in Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

IgG

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16
Q

What is the patho of Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

antibody binds to soluble antigen, forming a circulating immune complex lodges in a vessel wall and causes a local inflammatory response

17
Q

What is an example of Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Eg. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Vasculitis, Glomerulonephritis

18
Q

What reactant is in Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

T effector cells

19
Q

What is the patho of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  1. APC activates Th1/CTL.
  2. T cells activation macrophages and cause an inflammatory response
  3. Days
20
Q

What is an example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Contact Dermatitis, Mantoux tuberculin test

Z Year3 Acute Med (11 decks)

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