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A BIO105 - GENETICS > Allelic Interactions > Flashcards

Allelic Interactions Flashcards

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1
Q

It is observed only in heterozygotes with dissimilar genes

A

Allelic Interactions

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2
Q

It is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size, net charge

A

Gel Electrophoresis

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3
Q

Types of Allelic Interactions

A
  1. Complete Dominance (complete recessiveness)
  2. Incomplete Dominance
  3. Codominance
  4. Allelic Complementation
  5. Overdominance
  6. Multiple Alleles
  7. Complex Dominance
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4
Q

In complete dominance, heterozygotes exhibit _____ trait with ____ genotypic ratio and ____ phenotypic ratio

A
  • dominant
  • 1:2:1
  • 3:1
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5
Q

Complete Dominance
What allele dictates a protein which actively participates in the development of the trait?

A

Dominant Alleles

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6
Q

Complete Dominance
What kind of protein that is dictated by the dominant alleles?

A

A protein that actively participates in the development of the trait

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7
Q

Complete Dominance
What allele dictates a protein with no apparent activity or no protein at all?

A

Recessive Alleles

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8
Q

Complete Dominance
What kind of protein that is dictated by the recessive alleles?

A

A kind of protein with no apparent activity or no protein at all

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9
Q

Examples of Complete Dominance

A
  • Brachydactyly (or short fingers)
  • Polydactyly
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10
Q

What is a Complete Dominance (complete recessiveness)?

A
  1. One allele is completely dominant to another
  2. Phenotype of the heterozygote is the same as homozygous dominant
  3. Recessive phenotype is expressed only when the organism is homozygous recessive
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11
Q
  • it occurs because neither of the two alleles is completely dominant over the other
  • a Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed
A

Incomplete Dominance

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12
Q

Example of Incomplete Dominance

A
  1. Incomplete dominance in Carnations (1:2:1 F2)
  2. Incomplete dominance in Snapdragons
  3. Petal color in flowers (1:2:1/2:2 F2)
  4. Roan color in cows
  5. Sickle cell trait
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13
Q

A phenomenon in which two alleles (different versions of the same gene) are expressed to an equal degree within an organism

A

Codominance

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14
Q

Example of Codominance

A

Human ABO Blood group

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15
Q

4 blood phenotypes

A
  • O
  • A
  • B
  • AB
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16
Q

4 blood genotypes

A
  • IA IA or IA i
  • IB IB or IB i
  • IA IB
  • ii
17
Q

Antibodies present in blood serum
Blood type: A

A

Anti-B

18
Q

Antibodies present in blood serum
Blood type: B

A

Anti-A

19
Q

Antibodies present in blood serum
Blood type: AB

A

None

20
Q

Antibodies present in blood serum
Blood type: O

A
  • Anti-A
  • Anti-B
21
Q

Human ABO Blood group
3 Alleles

A
  • IA
  • IB
  • I
22
Q

IA and IB are ____ to i

A

Dominant

23
Q

IA and IB are ____ to each other

A

Codominant

24
Q

Similar to codominance but the different interaction between two alleles result in the production of a hybrid protein

A

Allelic Complementation

25
Q
  • also known as heterosis or hybrid vigor
  • hybrid is superior to both parents; also 1:2:1 genotypic ratio
  • very useful in plant/animal breeding
A

Overdominance

26
Q

Overdominance is also knwon as

A

Heterosis or hybrid vigor

27
Q

In overdominance, ______ is superior to both parents

A

Hybrid

28
Q

Genotypic ratio in Overdominance

A

1:2:1

29
Q

Overdominance is very useful in __________

A

plant/animal breeding

30
Q

Molecuar explanations for dominance relationships:
COMPLETE DOMINANCE

A
  1. Half the amount of gene production produced by homozygote is sufficient (haplosufficient)
  2. Expression of dominant allele in heterozygote is up-regulated to match the homozygote.
31
Q

Molecuar explanations for dominance relationships:
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

A

Recessive allele is not expressed in heterozygote
1. Homozygote: 2 doses of a gene product
2. Heterozygote: 1 dose of a gene product

32
Q

Molecuar explanations for dominance relationships:
CODOMINANCE

A

Both alleles are expressed resulting in a combined phenotype

33
Q

Two alleles of the same gene

A

Multiple Alleles

34
Q

_____ individuals have only ____ alleles, one on each ______

A
  • Diploid
  • two
  • chromosome
35
Q

Example of Multiple Alleles

A
  • ABO blood group
  • Drosophila eye color
36
Q

It is a complex relationship/interaction between two version of a gene

A

Complex Dominance

A BIO105 - GENETICS (9 decks)

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