ALL Not Built from Word Parts Flashcards
Inflammation
Localized, protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
Staphylococcus
A bacterium that grows in a pattern resembling grapelike clusters and can cause infections
Streptococcus
A bacterium that grows in a pattern resembling twisted chains and can cause infections
benign
not malignant
biopsy
removal of living tissue to be viewed under a microscope
chemotherapy
treatment of cancer using pharmaceuticals
diagnosis
identification of a disease
infection
invasion of pathogens into body tissue
malignant
tending to become progressively worse, possibly resulting in death
prognosis
prediction of a possible outcome of a disease
radiation therapy
treatment of cancer with radioactive substances, x-rays, and other forms of radiation
remission
lessening or absence of signs of disease
Sonography
Produces images of internal structures using high frequency sounds waves, and computer assembles data into images called scans.
umbilical region
around the naval
Lumbar region
To the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist
Epigastric region
Superior to the umbilical region
Hypochondriac region
To the right and left of the epigastric region
Hypogastric
Inferior to the umbilical region
Iliac regions
To the right and the left of the hypogastric region, near the groin
Fowler position
Semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees
Orthopnea position
Sitting upright in chair supported by pillows behind the back. Sometimes the patient tilts forward resting on a pillow supported by an over bed table
Sims position
Lying on side in a semi-prone position with knee drawn up toward the chest and with the arm drawn behind, parallel to the back.
Trendelenburg
Lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet
Edema
Puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid.
Erythema
Redness
Herpes
Inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters
Impetigo
Superficial skin infection characterized by red lesions which progress to blisters and then honey colored crusts.
Laceration
Torn, ragged-edged wound
Lesion
Any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease
Nevus
Malformation of the skin
Pallor
Paleness
Pressure injury
Damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by prolonged pressure, often occuring in bedridden patients
Define Jaundice
A condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes
Dilation and curettage
Surgical procedure to widen the cervix and scape the endometrium with an instrument called a curette
Obstetrics
Brach of medicine that deals with the management of pregnancy, labor, and post-partum period.
Pap test
lab test involving cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions used to determine the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells
Pelvic inflammatory disease
inflammation of some or all of the female reproductive organs
uterine fybroid
benign tumor of the uterine muscle
uterovaginal prolapse
downward dispalcement of the uterus into the vagina
benign prostatic hyperplasia
nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland
digital rectal examiniation
physical examination in which the HCP inserts a gloved finger into the rectum and palpates the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall
erectile dysfunction
inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection suffient to perform sexual intercourse
Prostate-specific antigen assay
blood test that measures the level of prostate specific antigen, a protein produced by the prostate gland
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra
dialysis
procedure for removing toxic waste from the blood because the kidneys are unable to do so
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
noninvasive surgical procedure used to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shock waves
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
Myocardial Infarction
Death (necrosis) of a portion of the heart muscle caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (also called a heart attack)
anemia
Condition in which there is reduction in the number of erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells).
aneurysm
Condition in which there is a ballooning of a weakened portion of the arterial wall.
blood pressure (BP)
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls;
A blood pressure measurement written as systolic pressure (120) and diastolic pressure, commonly recorded as 120/18 mm HG.
cardiac catheterization
Diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart from a blood vessel in the groin or arm to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding vessels.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation and external cardiac compressions.
complete blood count (CBC)
Laboratory test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes (platelets).
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium) by detouring around blocked arteries.
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle (myocardium) that may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally.
embolus
Blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation.
heart failure (HF)
Condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood throughout the body to supply the tissues and organs with enough nutrients and oxygen.
Also called congestive heart failure (CHF).
hemorrhage
Rapid loss of blood
hypertension (HTN)
Blood pressure that is above normal (>130/80)
hypotension
Blood pressure that is below normal (<90/60)
leukemia
Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow.
myocardial infarction (MI)
Death (necrosis) of a portion of the heart muscle caused by a lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply. (Heart attack)
pulse (P)
Contraction of the heart, which can be felt with a fingertip.
sphygmomanometer
Device used for measuring blood pressure.
stethoscope
Instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement.
varicose veins
Condition demonstrated by distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities.
bariatric surgery
Surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity.
barium enema (BE)
Diagnostic procedure in which a series of radiographic images are taken of the large intestine after the rectal administration of the contrast agent barium.
celiac disease
Malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten, which may damage the lining of the small intestine that is responsible for absorption of food into the bloodstream.
cirrhosis
Chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue.
Commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis.
constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of stool.
Chron disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon; characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction.
diarrhea
Frequent discharge of liquid stool.
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Endoscopic procedure involving radiographic imaging or the biliary ducts and pancreatic ducts.
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Disorder characterized by the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus.
hemorrhoids
Swollen or distended veins in the rectal area, which may be internal or external, and can be a source of rectal bleeding and pain.
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and constipation, usually associated abdominal pain.
parenteral
Pertaining treatment other than through the digestive system.
peptic ulcer
Erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increased secretion of acid from the stomach, bacterial infection, or use of NSAIDs.
polyp
Tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane.
Stoma
Surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or a similar operation.
Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Diasease characterized by inflammation of the colon with formation of ulcers, which can cause bloody diarrhea.
Upper GI series (UGI series)
Diagnostic procedure in which a series of radiographic images are taken of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum after the oral administration of the contrast agent barium.
astigmatism (AST)
Irregular curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye (cornea or lens); causes blurry vision.
cataract
clouding of the lens of the eye
glaucoma
eye disorder caused by optic nerve damage, usually caused by the abnormal increase of intraocular pressure
hyperopia
farsightedness
LASIK
laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea; stands for “laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis.
macular degeneration
progressive deterioration of the central portion of the retina resulting in a loss of central vision; when caused by the aging process it is referred to as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)
myopia
nearsightedness
optometrist
Healthcare professional who performs eye exams, administers vision tests, and prescribes corrective lenses. They are state-licensed professionals who have earned doctorate degrees.
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
presbycusis
hearing impairment occurring with age
presbyopia
vision impairment occurring with age
retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the choroid in the posterior portion of the eye resulting in a disruption of vision that may be permanent if treatment is delayed; onset may be gradual or sudden and is not painful
tinnitus
ringing in the ears
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
Common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve.
Symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in portions of the hand and fingers.
chiropractic
System of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column
Fracture (Fx)
broken bone
gout
Disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in the joints, especially that of the great toe, producing arthritis.
hernia
Protrusion of an organ or structure through an abnormal opening.
herniated disk
rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots.
Lyme disease
Immune response caused from a bite from an infected deer tick.
A rash may initially arise at the site of the tick bite. Symptoms include fever, headache, and joint pain. Mimics other musculoskeletal diseases.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Diagnostic imaging test producing scans that give information about the body’s anatomy by placing the patient in a strong magnetic field.
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness.
Nuclear Medicine (NM)
Diagnostic imaging test producing scans that give information about the body’s anatomy and function by using radioactive material. Also used to treat various medical conditions.
orthopedics (ortho)
study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system.
orthopedist
physician who specializes in the study and treatment of disorders and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system.
osteoporosis
disease caused by abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to and increase in fractures.
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the connective tissue of the sole of the foot; common cause of heel pain.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
chronic disease caused by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body.
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots.
Alzheimer Disease (AD)
Type of dementia caused by degeneration of brain tissue and occurring more frequently after age 65.
anxiety disorder
Disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness.
bipolar disorder
Major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood, manifested by manic and depressive episodes.
concussion
Injury to the brain caused by major or minor head trauma.
dementia
Cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function.
depression
Mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, and hopelessness.
epidural nerve block
Procedure performed for spine-related pain (or other causes such as childbirth and labor) by injection of anesthetic agent into the epidural space.
Lumbar Puncture (LP)
Diagnostic procedure performed for the removal of cerebrospinal fluid for testing.
Performed by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae.
migraine
An intense, throbbing headache, usually one sided, and often associated with irritability, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Chronic degenerative disease caused by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord.
paraplegia
Paralysis from the waist down
Parkinson Disease
Chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system.
psychiatrist
Physician with additional training and experience in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.
sciatica
Inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the buttock through the leg to the foot and toes.
seizure
Sudden, abnormal surge of electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements or behaviors.
stroke
Interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
Bleeding between the pia mater and arachnoid layers of the meninges caused by a ruptured blood vessel.
syncope
Fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time.
Addison Disease
Chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal gland.
diabetes mellitus (DM)
Chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by inactivity of the insulin-producing islets of the Langerhans in the pancreas and characterized by elevated blood sugar.
fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Blood test to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after fasting for 8-10 hours.
fine needle aspiration (FNA)
Biopsy technique that uses a narrow hollow needle to obtain tiny amounts of tissue for pathologic examination.
glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Blood test used to diagnose diabetes and monitor its treatment by measuring the amount of glucose (sugar) bound to hemoglobin in the blood.
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
Graves disease
Disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyes).
metabolic syndrome
Group of signs and symptoms including insulin resistance, obesity characterized by excessive fat around the area of the waist and abdomen, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, and low levels of HDL (“good cholesterol”).
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