All About Adjectives Flashcards
Adding です to na-Adj/Noun
Conjugate a noun/na-adj, then add です
One exception to adding です to na-Adj/Noun
When you conjugate to the past tense for na-Adj/Noun, you must drop the だ add でした instead
Adding です to i-Adj
Conjugate the i-Adj and add です
affirmative declarative だ & です
You usually can never add です to affirmative declarative だ conjugation (you must drop だ when adding です)
na-Adj/Nouns: Casual Present Tense
dictionary form of Na-Adj/Noun
na-Adj/Nouns: Casual Past Tense
Na-Adj/Noun + だった
na-Adj/Nouns: Casual Present Negative Tense
Na-Adj/Noun + じゃない
na-Adj/Nouns: Casual Past Negative Tense
Na-Adj/Noun + じゃなかった
Making Noun Clauses with na-Adj/i-Adj
adding a Noun directly after any conjugation of a Na-Adj or i-Adj creates a Noun Clause - [Na-Adj + な + Noun] or [i-Adj + Noun]
i-Adj: Casual Present Tense
dictionary form of the verb
i-Adj: Casual Past Tense
i-Adj (-) い (+) かった
i-Adj: Casual Present Negative Tense
i-Adj (-) い (+) くない
i-Adj: Casual Past Negative Tense
i-Adj (-) い (+) くなかった
i-Adj - SOU form
replace い ending with そう.
changes meaning from “is adjective” to “looks/seems adjective”
i-Adj - SA form
replace い ending with さ.
(turns descriptive verb into noun - so enjoyable = enjoyableness and powerful = powerfulness and beautiful = beautiful ness/beauty)
Quoting With Nouns
Adding and conjugating (と particle +)いうto a noun means “…known as” when asking about what something is “known as or like where is this place known as [name]
To Want Noun
NOUN + (add the particle が) + 欲しい(です)
(ex)
リンゴが欲しいです= I want an apple
欲しい is an I-adjective, so to say you don’t want something - you conjugate 欲しい to the negative like any other i-Adjectice. And then add です to make it polite.
to become + noun/na-adj
present/future tense: noun/na-adj + になる
past tense: noun/na-adj + になった
to become + i-adj
present/future tense: i-adj + くなる
past tense: i-adj + くなった
Difference Between
Although にする (ni suru) and になる (ni naru) both indicate change, there is one major difference. The difference is that になる (ni naru) indicates something changing by itself (intransitive)(and there is no direct object), while にする (ni suru) indicates something being changed by someone or something else (transitive).
using を (wo) with にする
since an object is being directly affected by a verb, you need to use the direct object particle を (wo) on the object being affected
to become + noun/na-adj
noun/na-adj + にする(and then you conjugate it)
to become + i-adj
i-adj + くする(and then you conjugate it)
NOUN + にする (ni suru)
Noun + go with (as in “I’ll go with/decide on Noun” when ordering from a menu)
Adj + さ [Meaning]
Adding 〜さ to an adjective turns it into a noun, and gives it the nuance that the noun is objective and measurable. Like - happy (adj) = happiness
Conjugation For Adj + さ
for i-Adj drop ending い, for na-adj drop ending な - then add さ directly
[NOTE: this ending can also be added to other suffixes like 〜たい, 〜やすい, 〜にくい, 〜らしい , 〜づらい, and 〜っぽい]
Adj + み
Adding 〜み to an adjective turns it into a noun with a subjective quality, like the “warmth” of a person or the “weight” of a decision. This is similar to adding -ness to an adjective in English, but there’s a twist. Nouns formed with 〜み represent qualities or states that are not objectively measurable. In other words, 〜み is used to express subjective ideas. Only certain adj can take み