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Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

A system that encodes, stores and retrieves information.

Question 2

Recall

Answer 2

a retrieval method in which one must reproduce previously presented material.
Ex. Essay test; police sketch of a suspect

Question 3

Recognition

Answer 3

a retrieval method in which one must identify information that is provided, which has previously been presented. Ex. Multiple choice test; police line-up

Question 4

Relearning

Answer 4

retrieval method that involves relearning information that has been previously learned, but you do so quicker a second time around. Ex. Review Sessions

Question 5

Information-processing model

Answer 5

the human brain takes essentially meaningless information and turns it into
meaningful patterns. (through three steps –> Encoding, Storage, Retrieval)

Question 6

parallel processing

Answer 6

processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously (sometimes unconsciously)

Question 7

Memory Forming Process

Answer 7

First we record to be remembered information as a fleeting sensory memory.

From there, we process information into short-term or working memory, where we encode through rehearsal.

Finally, information (can) move into long-term memory for later retrieval.

Question 8

Shallow processing

Answer 8

Structural processing (appearance) we encode only the physical qualities of something.
Example: how the letters look for certain types of fonts

Phonemic processing – which is when we encode its sound.

Shallow processing only involves maintenance rehearsal (repetition to help us hold something in the STM) and leads to fairly short-term retention of information.

Question 9

Semantic processing

Answer 9

Encoding the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words with similar meaning.

Deep processing involves elaboration rehearsal which involves a more meaningful analysis (e.g. images, thinking, associations etc.) of information and leads to better recall.

For example, giving words a meaning or linking them with previous knowledge.

Question 10

Sensory Memory

Answer 10

shortest of our memories and generally holds sights, sounds, smells, textures and other sensory information for a fraction of a second.

holds a large amount of information, far more than ever reaches consciousness.

Question 11

Flashbulb memory

Answer 11

Of all our forms of memory, a few are exceptionally clear and vivid. We call these flashbulb memories.

Question 12

Transience