Alkanes Flashcards
structural formula
representation of molecule showing how many atoms are bonded to each other
full structural formula
shows every bond and atom
condensed structural formula
often omits bonds where they are assumed and groups atoms together
minimum information required to describe molecule non-ambiguously
stereochemical formula
show relative positions of atoms and groups around carbon in 3D
How do you show bonds sticking forwards?
solid, enlarging wedge
How do you show bonds sticking behind?
hashed line
How do you show bonds in plane of paper?
solid lines
1 carbon
meth
2 carbons
eth
3 carbons
prop
4 carbons
but
5 carbons
pent
6 carbons
hex
1 carbon in chain
methyl
2 carbons in chain
ethyl
3 carbons in chain
propyl
4 carbons in chain
butyl
5 carbons in chain
pentyl
6 carbons in chain
hexyl
what do you add to chain suffix?
prefix that shows how many chains there are in the molecule - di, tri, tetra
How do you show where the carbon chains are attached?
number of carbon atom next to it so that numbers add up to smallest of all possibilities
structural isomer
molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms
As the size of the molecule increases, the number of isomers —
increases
trend in melting and boiling points for group 17 and 18
melting/boiling points increase down group because as size of molecules increases so does van der Waals forces
what is the general formula for halogenoalkanes?
CnH2n+1X (where X is halogen)
What do halogenoalkanes contain?
atom of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine bonded to carbon skeleton of molecule
Do halogenoalkanes have a polar bond?
yes so more reactive
How do you write halogenoalkanes?
but chloro, bromo, etc. before methane, etc. if no branches with carbon atom number
put e.g. 2-chloropropane or 1-bromo-2-methylpropane
