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AS Chemistry unit 2 > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of homologous series

A

Compounds which have the same general formula, similar chemical properties, show a graduation in their physical properties and successive members differ by a CH2 unit

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2
Q

What is the definition of a functional group

A

A reactive group within a compound

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3
Q

What is the definition of a hydrocarbon

A

Contains hydrogen and carbon only

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4
Q

What is the definition of a structural isomer

A

Molecule which has the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

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5
Q

What is the definition of an electrophile

A

An ion or molecule that attacks a regions or high electron density

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6
Q

What is the definition of a nucleophile

A

An ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons that attacks a region of low electron density

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7
Q

What is the definition of homolytic fission

A

Bond breaking in which one of the shared electrons goes to each atom

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8
Q

What is the definition of heterolytic fission

A

Bond breaking in which both elections in the shared pair go to a single atom

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9
Q

What is the definition of saturated hydrocarbon

A

Contains no C=C or C(triple bond)C and is made of carbon and hydrogen only

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10
Q

What is the definition of a radical

A

Particle with an unpaired electron

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11
Q

What is the definition of substitution

A

Replacing one atom or group with another atom of group

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12
Q

What is the definition of free radical substitution

A

A reaction in which one atom in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms with a single unpaired electron

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13
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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14
Q

What is structural formula

A

How atoms in a molecule are bonded together

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15
Q

What is molecular formula

A

No. of each type of atom present in molecule

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16
Q

When does chain isomerism occur

A

Same molecular formula

Different carbon chains

17
Q

When does positional isomerism coccur

A

Same hydrocarbon skeleton

Differ in position of functional group

18
Q

When does functional group isomerism occur

A

Same molecular formula

Different functional groups

19
Q

Describe the physical properties of alkanes

A 
Non polar
Weak vdw
Low bp 
Water insoluble
Soluble in non polar
Bp increases as c chain increases
20
Q

What are the chemical properties of alkanes

A

Lack of reactivity towards electrophiles and nucleophiles - absesne of electron rich/deficient site
Saturated
Radical reactions with O2 and halogens

AS Chemistry unit 2 (10 decks)

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