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AS Chemistry unit 2 > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a primary alcohol

A

An alcohol which has one carbon atom directly boded to the carbon atom that is bonded to the -OH group

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2
Q

What is the definition of a secondary alcohol

A

An alcohol which has two carbon atoms directly bonded to the carbon atom that is bonded to the -OH group

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3
Q

What is the definition of a tertiary alcohol

A

An alcohol which has three carbon atoms directly bonded to the carbon atom that is bonded to the -OH group

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4
Q

What is the definition of miscibility

A

Liquids which mix in all proportions

i.e form a single layer

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5
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1 OH

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6
Q

What is the order of priority for groups starting with the least

A 
Cl/Br
Alkyl group 
Alkene
Alcohol
Ketone
Aldehyde
Carboxylic acid
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7
Q

How do you name an alcohol in which the alcohol group has a lower priority

A

Prefix is hydroxy

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8
Q

Describe the physical properties of alcohols

A
  • polar - highly electronegative O
  • H bonding
  • higher bp than organic compounds of similar RFM
  • low RMM are miscible in water - H bonds
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9
Q

Draw the H bonding in aqueous and liquid ethanol

A

See notes

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10
Q

Why are alcohols so soluble

A

H in water attracted with lone pair on O in alcohol

H attached to O in alcohol can H bond with lone pair on O in water

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11
Q

How do you prepare an alcohol

A

From halogenoalkanes

  1. Place halogenoalkane in round bottomed flask
  2. Add dilute NaOH
  3. Heat under reflux
  4. Distil off alcohol
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12
Q

What happens if reagents are in excess during reactions involving alcohols

A

Change all of the -OH groups

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13
Q

What is the general equation for the oxidation of primary alcohols

A

Primary alcohol ➡️ aldehyde ➡️ Carboxylic acid

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14
Q

What is the general equation for the oxidation of a secondary alcohol

A

Secondary alcohol ➡️ ketone

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15
Q

What are the observations in the oxidation of primary alcohols

A

Orange solution changes to green

Change in smell

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16
Q

What are the observations of the oxidation of secondary alcohols

A

Orange changes to green

17
Q

What is produced when HBr reacts with an alcohol

Also how is the HBr produced

A

Bromoalkane is produced

HBr produced in situ (see notes for equation)

18
Q

Give the formula and name for the chlorinating agent used when reacted with alcohol

A

PCl5

Phosphorus (V) chloride

19
Q

What are the observations when PCl5 is reacted with alcohol

A

Solid disappears
Misty fumes
Mixture warms up
Hissing noise

20
Q

What are the conditions for the reaction of PCl5 and alcohol

A

Room temp
Anhydrous alcohol
Fume cupboard

21
Q

What’s produced when PCl5 reacts with alcohol

A

Chloroalkane
POCl3
HCl

22
Q

What are the conditions for sodium to react with alcohol

A

Room temperature

23
Q

What is produced when sodium reacts with alcohol. Write the equation of sodium Reacting with ethanol

A

Sodium alkoxide
Hydrogen
See notes for eqn

24
Q

State the observations for sodium reacting with alcohol

A

Solid disappears
Fizzing
Mixture warms up

25
Q

What is produced upon the complete combustion of alcohols

A

Carbon dioxide and water

26
Q

What are the observations of the complete combustion of alcohol

A

Non sooty clean blue flame

27
Q

What is produced upon the incomplete combustion of an alcohol

A

Carbon monoxide and water

28
Q

What are the observations of the incomplete combustion of an alcohol

A

Sooty flame

29
Q

What are the advantages of using alcohol as a fuel

A

⭕️ clean and smokeless
⭕️ liquid- easily stored and transported
⭕️ does not produce acid rain
⭕️ carbon neutral as it is produced from plants

30
Q

What are some of the ethical concerns with using alcohol as a fuel

A

Produced from plants - could be used for food to feed the malnourished
Taking away plants may disturb habitats

AS Chemistry unit 2 (10 decks)

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