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BMAT Organic Chemistry > ALKANE > Flashcards

ALKANE Flashcards

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1
Q

what are alkanes

A

compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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2
Q

what are alkanes also called

A

saturated hydrocarbons

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3
Q

in order what are all the alkane names from one to ten hydrocarbons

A

methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
heptane
octane
nonane
decane

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4
Q

what is the molecular formula of all the alkanes in order from lowest to highest

A

CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22

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5
Q

what the molecular formula equation for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

what are the two steps that must be carried out when identifying the name of a compound

A
  1. select the longest parent chain [if same size select the one with more substituents]
  2. number of carbons determine prefix
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7
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes

A

-ane

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8
Q

what are carbon atoms bonded in cyclical structures collectively called

A

cycloalkanes

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9
Q

what does cyclo indicate

A

ring structure

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10
Q

what are the names of cycloalkanes from propane to hexane

A

cyclopropane
cyclobutane
cyclopentane
cyclohexane

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11
Q

when are substituents named

A

methyl
ethyl
propyl
butyl
isopropyl
isobutyl
secbutyl
tertbutyl

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12
Q

what is isopropyl look like

A

draw

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13
Q

what is secbutyl look like

A

draw

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14
Q

what is isobutyl look like

A

draw

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15
Q

what does tertbutyl look like

A

draw

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16
Q

how are substituents named in organic compounds

A

If one substituent is present, it is assigned the lowest number possible.

When there are many substituents, the first substituent receives the lowest number. If there is a tie, the second substituent should be as low as possible.

If still tied, then arrange substituents in alphabetical order.

17
Q

what name do you give if there is more than one substituent present

A

Di- = 2
Tri- = 3
Tetra- = 4
Penta- = 5
Hexa- = 6

18
Q

what do commas mean in naming organic compounds

A

used to separate two numbers from each other

19
Q

what do dashes mean in naming organic compounds

A

used to separate numbers from letters

20
Q

how many constitutional isomers does hexane have

A

5

21
Q

what is the molecular formula of hexane

A

C6H14

BMAT Organic Chemistry (14 decks)

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