ALCOHOLS

Question 1

what are alcohols

Answer 1

compounds with OH group (hydroxyl)

Question 2

when naming alcohols, what is the same consistent first step

Answer 2

choosing the parent, identify the longest chain that includes the carbon connected to the -OH group

Question 3

what is the alcohol suffix

Answer 3

-ol

Question 4

what is phenol

Answer 4

It has an -OH group attached directly to a phenyl ring.

Question 5

what can a phenol be used to identify specifically

Answer 5

A phenol can specifically be used to identify hydroxybenzene

Question 6

what is the boiling point of alcohol compared to other hydrocarbons

Answer 6

higher compared to alkane counterparts

Question 7

why is the boiling point of alcohols higher than its alkane counterparts

Answer 7

they have O-H bonding

Question 8

how can the acidity of a compound be determined

Answer 8

look at stability of conjugate base - more stable conjugate base the great the acidity

Question 9

what are alcohols more acidic than

Answer 9

alkanes

Question 10

why are alcohols more acidic than alkanes

Answer 10

the negative charge on the oxygen is more stable than the negative charge on a carbon

Question 11

what is the conjugate base of alcohol called

Answer 11

alkoxide ion [neg charge]

R – O-

Question 12

what two factors affect the acidity of an alcohol [when selecting between structures]

Answer 12

Resonance
Induction

Question 13

how does resonance affect the acidity of an alcohol

Answer 13

if resonance present > acidity is greater

Question 14

how does induction affect acidity of an alcohol

Answer 14

the more electronegative atoms in the alcohol - the more acidic it is

Question 15

what is the property of electronegative atoms

Answer 15

they can attract a negative charge toward them so conjugate base is stabilise

electron-withdrawing substituent can increase acidity of nearby atom aka alcohol

Question 16

list the electronegative atoms that would make alcohol most acidic from most electronegative to least electronegative in an alcohol

Answer 16

F
Cl
Br
I

Question 17

in induction/electronegativity, what conditions are more likely to make an alcohol more or less acidic

Answer 17

distance between the electronegative element and the negative charge on the O in the conjugate base

Question 18

what is a Grignard reagent

Answer 18

alkyl halide + magnesium

R-Mg-X

Question 19

Why is a C-MG bond so significant

Answer 19

Carbon and magnesium have such a great difference in electronegativity that the bond between them can be treated as separate charges

Question 20

how does the Grignard reagent act

Answer 20

as a nucleophile

Question 21

how does the carbon nucleophile act

Answer 21

it can attack range of electrophiles including carbonyl group of ketones and aldehydes [C=O]

Question 22

what happens if the Grignard reaction attacks the carbonyl group of a compound

Answer 22

1. Gringard reagent acts as nucleophile and attacks carbonyl group
2. Causes proton to be transferred from R-Mg-X to alkoxide ion on compounds
3. Forms an alcohol