ALIGNMENT

Question 1

SAP

Answer 1

S = the sole argument of the intransitive case
A = the most agent like argument in a transitive clause
P = the most patient like argument in a transitive clause

Question 2

(NOMINATIVE-) ACCUSATIVE ALIGNMENT

Answer 2

NOM = case of S and A 
ACC = case of P

Question 3

ERGATIVE (-ABSOLUTIVE) ALIGNMENT

Answer 3

ERG = case of A only
ACC = case of S and P

Question 4

TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENTS

Answer 4

NEUTRAL alignment = S, A, P are treated in the same way grammatically
TRIPARTITE alignment = S, A, P are treated in a different way grammatically
DOUBLE alignment = A, P are treated in the same way grammatically, but different from S
ACTIVE - STATIVE alignment = S is treated sometimes like A, sometimes like P
DIRECT INVERSE alignment = the marking depends on animacy
SPLIT alignment = when a grammatical system has a mixture of alignments

Question 5

PT, PD, R

Answer 5

Pt = the most patient like argument of a transitive clause
Pd = the most patient like argument of a ditransitive clause 
R = the most recipient like argument of a ditransitive clause

Question 6

DITRANSITIVE ALIGNMENTS

Answer 6

INDIRECTIVE alignment = Pd and Pt are treated in the same way grammatically, but different from R
NEUTRAL DITRANSITIVE alignment = Pt, Pd and R are treated in the same way grammatically
SECUNDATIVE alignment = Pt and R are treated in the same way grammatically, but different from R
TRIPARTITE alignment = Pt, Pd, R are treated in a different way grammatically
HORIZONTAL alignment = Pd and R are treated in a different way grammatically, but different from Pt