Alexander II Flashcards
1
Q
Give details on educational reforms
A
1863
- Promotion of private schools
- Setting up of inspection system
- More places were available
- No. of pupils attending secondary schools doubled from 1855 to 1865
- Universities given more autonomy
- Overhaul of the curriculum
- Schools run by Zemstva
2
Q
When was he in power?
A
1855-1881
3
Q
When was the Crimean war?
A
1853-1856
4
Q
What was he nicknamed as?
A
‘Tsar Liberator’
5
Q
When did he emancipate the serfs?
A
1861
6
Q
List some of his characteristics
A
- Knew languages, studied a modern curriculum
- Well travelled-toured Siberia and met political exiles
- Convinced a liberal rule was necessary
7
Q
Why did he emancipate the serfs?
A
- Increase productivity
- Reduce peasant revolts
- ‘Better to abolish serfdom from above’
8
Q
What were the key terms of serf emancipation?
A
- Serf to inherit land they worked
- Serfs would pay ‘redemption dues’ over a period of 49 years to buy land
- Free to marry without interference
- Could use the law courts
- Domestic serfs didn’t receive land under terms
- Landowners given compensation for lost land.
9
Q
What happened in 1866?
A
First attempt to assassinate Tsar
10
Q
When was the ‘Trial of 50’ and what did it show?
A
1877
- A trial of his political opponents
- That he was willing to carry on tradition of autocracy with a firm hand
11
Q
When was he assassinated?
A
1881
12
Q
When was the Zemstva introduced and what did it do?
A
1864
- Regional councils.
- Set up to express the view of rural people at local level.
- Members elected by property qualification.
13
Q
How was the justice system reformed?
A
- Jury system introduced
- Hierarchy of courts to deal with different cases more appropriately
14
Q
What changes did he make in terms of censorship?
A
1865
- New guidelines issued for publishers/ writers
- Greater freedom for individual expression
15
Q
What were the details of military reforms?
A
- 1862-1874
- Better training of officers
- More humane treatment of troops
- Reduced period of service (25 to 15 years)
- Army became more professional
