Alexander II

Question 1

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Gov

Polish 1863 Revolt y start

Answer 1

• Poloski Nationalism up
  -1863
  -PM Wielopolski rejected independence demands
  _Polish want emancipation like russia got
• protests + attempted assasination of Wielopolski (who wanted partial independece so everyone thought he was a tsarist puppet)
• Wielpolski force opponents to conscription but they flee to the woods and do Rebelion till spring 1864

Question 2

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Gov

polish revolt 1863
Events

Answer 2

-0 major conflicts
- rebels threaten gov stability with gurilla conflict
- rebels suported by sympathetic russ officers + Land & Liberty Movement
-Rebel leader Jaroslaw Bubrowski is a russ officer

– nationalist Rebels fail get peasant support
– minor countryside disturbances
– 1864 Russ army stops it + execute leaders

Question 3

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Gov

polish 1863 revolt initial reaction ideas

Answer 3

• interior minister gorchakov want Poland rule by Polish autocrats controlled by Russ tsar

• war min milyutin want Polish Gentry purged as thinks they lost countryside support
+ conspired w/ peasant ring leaders to bring down gov

– Russ officials to carry out administration + governance
+ Poland should be absorbed into Russia

– devised his own plan to punish poland

Question 4

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Gov + (lil Eco and Cultural emancepation)

poland
Milyutin’s Plan 1864

Answer 4

• Exile 100’s Polish nobility to Siberia, Estates given to Russ officials who take over their duties

• 700k Polish households emancipated with more favorable terms than Russia got:
– freehold rights to allotted Lands paid with reformed tax system:
– all landowners pay tax not just peasants
– OG owners Compensated
(A lil Eco here and Cultural)

• rural District Council similar to zemsvas created w/ members from all sectors of Polish Society

• Poland absorbed into Russia and is known as the Vistula region ▼ Nationalism

Question 5

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Culture + Religion

poland
milyutin’s plan 1864

Answer 5

• Russian = official language of administration + governance + taught in schools
(cultural, Russification)

• Catholic Church Banned from communicating with Vatican = ▼ authority as Bishops may have been rebel sympathisers
(Religion)

Question 6

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Religion

Poland
Golden prayer Book 1866

Answer 6

• 1866 the Golden prayer book of The Golden Alter which is Catholic is translated into Russian

Question 7

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Finnland gov [+ culture + eco]
1863 and 1865

Answer 7

1863 Aii gave Finnland it’s own Government, The Finnish Diet

1865 Aii gives Finnland own Constitution and encorages The Finnish Language

Tsar deals woth Finnish affairs in Russia only not in fin so Mutual satisfaction

Due to Finn and Baltics = Russ access to Gulf of Finnland from St. P
Good Militarily and Economicaly

Question 8

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Religion Finnland
Lutharian Church

Answer 8

Lutharian Churches in Finnland Left alone and not Orthodoxised like other churches were

Question 9

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Eco Baltic + Cul + gov
Migration for raw matireals

Answer 9

The Baltic nations are close to St. P and full of raw materials and resorces and good paying jobs and buissness

– Baltic sea access = trade important + military navy
(Eco + gov)

Due to Russ migration = ▲ influence of russ, e.g Encoragment of Russ Language

Question 10

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Religious + cultural Baltic
Lutheruan church

Answer 10

The Lutheran protestant church see German culture to be better than russian one but are loyal to the tsar

need Tsar’s permision to build any Lutherian churches

After the 1863 Polish revolt, the Lutherian church was alienated by Russia

Question 11

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Ukr
Y important

Answer 11

• Ukraine = important because grain production

Question 12

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Ukr [Cul]
Publications to stop nationalism 1863 1876 (+Russification)

Answer 12

Ukrainians developed nationalism with art and Literature

in response A II made a decree in 1863 + 1876 to forbid books be published in Ukrainian

76 = Ukr lang × from open print

Reinforced this with schools, law system, literature, etc being done in Russian

Question 13

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Ukr [Eco]
Eco reasons why Ukr is important

Answer 13

• ukraine’s often described as a bread basket of Russia as there is a lot of Agriculture in the black earth region of Ukraine

Question 14

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Ukr [cul]
Valuev circular 1866 little russia

Answer 14

• the valuev Circular 1866:

Refers to Ukraine as “little Russia” and denies that there ever was or ever will be the separate little Russian language

× Ukr Identity = × Ukr Nationalism

Question 15

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Cauc [rel + cul]
Religious divisions in the Caucuses + Russification

Answer 15

• religious divisions in the Caucasus region pre-date even the period in the course

• Armenia and Georgia are Christian
• Azeris, Chechans, Ossetians abd Abkhazians = muslim

• also in the region was very low literacy rates

= very easy risification w/ ▲ Russian language in all sectors of the government and Society + orthodoxisation

Question 16

Alexander II [1855-1881]
Jews
Pale of settlment already exists

Answer 16

• The Pale of Settlement already exists by the time of Alexander II

place where the Jews are confined to within the Russian Empire

been like this since Catherine the Great as a follow-up after an attempt to remove them

Question 17

Alexander II [1855-1881]
far east expansion

Answer 17

• Russia developed their influence in the Far East due to an increase in development of Transport and communication along with industrialization

including the Trans-Siberian Railway from st. Petersburg to vladivostock established 1860

it was the base of Russia’s Pacific Fleet