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Chemistry A Level > Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxyls, Esters, Acyl Chlorides and Anhydrides > Flashcards

Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxyls, Esters, Acyl Chlorides and Anhydrides Flashcards

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1
Q

Oxidising agent (typically for Aldehydes)

A

K2Cr2O7 (Potassium dichromate)

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2
Q

Reducing agent (typically for Aldehydes/Ketones)

A

NaBH4 (Sodium borohydride/Sodium tetrahydridoborate)

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3
Q

Nucleophillic addition of Hydrogen Cyanide conditions + product

A

KCN, Dilute HCL, not in a laboratory due to toxic CN- ions, Product: Hydroxynitriles

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4
Q

Which compounds primarily undergo nucleophilic addition of Cyanide ions?

A

Aldehydes and Ketones

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5
Q

Ester uses:

A

Perfumes, Food flavouring, Solvents, Plasticisers

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6
Q

What is biodiesel composed of?

A

A mix of methyl esters with long carboxylic acid chains

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7
Q

Conditions for making biodiesel

A

React vegetable oils with Methanol in the presence of a catalyst

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8
Q

How is soap created?

A

Hydrolysis of vegetable oils and animal fats by heating with NaOH gives a Sodium salt that is soap

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9
Q

What is a common nucleophillic addition-elimination reaction product for 1. Acyl chlorides 2. Acid anhydrides ?

A
  1. HCl 2. Carboxylic acid
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10
Q

What is aspirin and how is it made?

A

An ester, made from salicylic acid and ethanoic anhydride/ethanoyl chloride

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11
Q

Why is ethanoid anhydride preferred for aspirin production?

A

-Cheaper
-Safer (less corrosive so reaction occurs more slowly)
-No HCl fumes

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12
Q

IUPAC Forumla for glycerol

A

Propane 1,2,3-triol

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13
Q

Carboxylic acid + Metal hydrogencarbonate

A

Carboxylate salt + H2O + CO2

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14
Q

Carboxylic acid + Metal carbonate

A

Carboxylate salt + H2O + CO2

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15
Q

Carboxylic acid + Metal Hydroxide

A

Carboxylate salt + H2O

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16
Q

Acid hydrolysis of Esters product

A

Acid + Alcohol

17
Q

Base hydrolysis of Esters product

A

Carboxylate ion + Alcohol

18
Q

Conditions for forming esters

A

RCOOH + ROH in the presence of a strong acid catalyst (usually H2SO4)

19
Q

What do carboxylic acids generally produce upon reaction with Carbonates (CO3)

A

CO2 gas

Chemistry A Level (14 decks)

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