Alcohols And Halogenoalkanes

Question 1

What is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 1

To carbon atoms attached to the carbon that is joined to the hydroxide group

Question 2

What is a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 2

Carbon attached to hydroxide group is attached to 3 other carbon atoms

Question 3

What is a primary alcohol?

Answer 3

To hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon join to the hydroxide group

Question 4

What is produced when alcohols are completely combusted?

Answer 4

Carbon dioxide

Water

Question 5

What is the equation for when sodium reacts with ethanol?

Answer 5

2Na(s) + 2C(2)H(5)OH (l) –> 2CH3CH2O-,Na+ (alc) + H2 (g)

Sodium ethnocide (dissolved in ethanol)

Question 6

What can the reaction between phosphorus five chloride and an alcohol be used as a test for?

Answer 6

Qualitative of test for the hydroxide group as hydrogen chloride gas is given off

Question 7

What is the equation for the reaction between phosphorus chloride and ethanol?

Answer 7

C2H5OH + PCl5(s) –> C2H5Cl(l) + POCl3(l) + HCl

Question 8

What is produced when a primary alcohol is oxidised?

Answer 8

An aldehyde which can be fully oxidised form a carboxylic acid

Question 9

What is the colour change when a primary alcohol is a oxidised?

Answer 9

Orange to green

Question 10

What can be used to oxidise alcohols?

Answer 10

Concentrated sulphuric acid

Na2Cr2O7

Question 11

What is produced when a secondary alcohol is oxidised?

Answer 11

Ketone (propanone)

Double C=O bond in middle

Question 12

What is produced when a tertiary alcohol is oxidised?

Answer 12

Not meant to be oxidised by common oxidising agents

Question 13

What equipment must do use to oxidise a primary alcohol?

Answer 13

Reflux

Distillation

Question 14

What equipment must be used to prepare a ketone from a secondary alcohol?

Answer 14

They have different boiling points which allows you to collect them as different samples

Question 15

What is a primary halogenoalkane?

Answer 15

One carbon atom bonded to the carbon atom carrying the halogen

Question 16

What is a secondary halogenoalkane?

Answer 16

To carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom with the halogen

Question 17

What is a tertiary have halogenoalkane?

Answer 17

The carbon bonds it to the halogen attached are three other carbon atoms

Question 18

How do you name halogenoalkanes?

Answer 18

DuPont
Rightmost digit: number of fluorine atom is per molecule
Tens digit: 1+ the number of hydrogen atoms
Hundred digit: number of carbon atoms -1
Thousands digit: number of double bonds in the molecule
Unaccounted for bonds occupied by chlorine atoms
Suffix of a B or C indicating unbalanced isomers

Question 19

What sort of reaction is do halogenoalkanes generally undergo?

Answer 19

Substitution visit occasionally elimination

Flooring compounds are very stable say rarely undergo any reaction

Question 20

What is the general equation for A hydrolysis reaction with a halogenoalkane?

Answer 20

The hydroxide group substitutes for the halogen
RX +H2O –> ROH + HX
RX + OH- –> ROH + X-

Question 21

How do you speed up the hydrolysis reaction with a halogenoalkane?

Answer 21

The reaction with water is slow at room temperature but is more rapid with hydroxide ions

Question 22

What is the order of reactivity of the halogenoalkanes? Why?

Answer 22

Chloroalkanes are less reactive than Bromoalkanes are Iodoalkanes as the C – CL bond is much stronger, showing strength is more important than electronegativity

Question 23

What is alcoholic potassium hydroxide?

Answer 23

When potassium hydroxide is dissolved in ethanol

Question 24

What sort of reaction occurs between alcoholic potassium hydroxide and a halogenoalkane?

Answer 24

Elimination

A molecule of hydrogen halide is eliminated from the molecule forming an alkane as a product

Question 25

Give an sample of the reaction between an alcoholic potassium hydroxide and a halogen alkane

Answer 25

CH3BrCH3 + OH- --> CH2CH2 + H20 + Br-

Question 26

How must be reaction between a halogen alkane and alcoholic potassium hydroxide be carried out?

Answer 26

Refluxed and heated

Question 27

How alcoholic ammonia act when it reacts with a halogenoalkane?

Answer 27

Nucleophile due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, allowing them to easily replace a halogen atom

Question 28

Under what conditions must reaction between a halogenoalkane and alcoholic ammonia be carried out?

Answer 28

With concentrated ammonia in ethanol in a sealed tube | If done in reflux the ammonia would it escape at the condenser as it doesn't condense

Question 29

Give an example of the reaction between alcoholic ammonia and a halogenoalkane

Answer 29

CH3I + NH3 --> CH3NH2(methylamine) + HI | Methylamine has a lone pair so reacts further

Question 30

What does the result of the reaction between an alcoholic ammonia and a halogen alkane confirm?

Answer 30

The rate of hydrolysis of the halogens | 1-chlorobutane

Question 31

Describe an experiment that can be used to test the effect of the carbon skeleton in halogenoalkane

Answer 31

Three test tubes, containing either primary secondary or territory Add 1 cm³ of silver nitrate Add 1 cm³ of ethanol as a solvent Leave them to stand after shaking

Question 32

What are the results of the reaction testing the carbon skeleton on a halogenalkane?

Answer 32

Primary

Question 33

How do you prepare a halogenoalkane from an alcohol?

Answer 33

With sodium bromide, water and concentrated sulphuric acid Refluxed- sulphuric acid is added one drop at a time as the reaction is exothermic, the flask is also cooled using a beaker of cold water Distilled- produces two layers and aqueous layer discarded

Question 34

What is the equation for preparing a halogenoalkane from an alcohol?

Answer 34

NaBr + H2SO4 --> NaHSO4 + HBr | CH3CH2OH + HBr --> CH3CH2Br + H20

Question 35

What properties are desirable in a refrigerant?

Answer 35

Not flammable, Not toxic, Unreactive, non-corrosive (easily) compressible does not harm the ozone layer Boiling temperature below target temperature high heat of vaporization high gas density high critical temperature

Question 36

How is the bonding in gaseous hydrogen halides best described?

Answer 36

Mainly covalent with an increasing tendency to wards ionic as you go up the group

Question 37

Why is no chlorine produced when concentrated sulphuric in acid is added to solid sodium chloride yet bromine produced when added go sodium bromide?

Answer 37

The chlorine ion is a weaker reducing agent and the bromine ion

Question 38

When extracting iodine from an aqueous a solution in a separating funnel, which layer is the hydrocarbon layer?

Answer 38

Top

Question 39

What colour is chlorine water?

Answer 39

Pale yellow

Question 40

What is the colour of the solution when chlorine water is added to potassium iodide solution?

Answer 40

Red/brown