alcohols Flashcards
1
Q
functional group
A
-OH
2
Q
first four alcohols
A
methanol - CH3OH
ethanol - C2H5OH
propanol - C3H7OH
butanol - C4H9OH
3
Q
general formula alcohol
A
CnH2n+1OH
4
Q
main property of alcohol
A
flammable
5
Q
what happens when alcohols burn in air?
A
undergo complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water
6
Q
what happens when alcohols react with sodium?
A
hydrogen gas is formed and a sodium alkoxide e.g sodium ethoxide + hydrogen
7
Q
what happens when alcohols are added to water?
A
they mix to form a solution as they are soluble
8
Q
what happens when alcohols react with an oxidising agent?
A
they produce a carboxylic acid and water
9
Q
main uses of these alcohols
A
- all used as fuels
- methanol and ethanol used as solvents in industry as they can dissolve most things
- ethanol used in beverages
- methanol used as a chemical feedstock: it is toxic so added to methylated spirit to stop people drinking it
10
Q
two ways of fermentation
A
- extract sugar from crops that have been grown
- fermentation at 25-40°C, presence of yeast, water, anaerobic e.g glucose —-> ethanol + carbon dioxide
11
Q
2 processes for producing ethanol
A
- fermentation
- hydration
12
Q
describe the hydration method
A
- extract crude oil
- oil refinery: fractional distillation then cracking to obtain ethene
- hydration ( addition of steam ) to ethene using a phosphoric acid catalyst, high temp and high pressure
