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Chemistry L6 > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is fermentation of glucose?

A

process that uses living yeast cells to convert into ethanol and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

What are the conditions for the fermentation of glucose?

A

yeast provides enzymes that act as catalyst

37°C so enzymes don’t denature

No O2 anaerobic respiration

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3
Q

What are some advantages of fermentation?

A

low energy input
sugar cane is renewable

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4
Q

What is a biofuel?

A

product is derived from plants/animals

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5
Q

What is it meant by carbon neutral?

A

no net emissions of carbon dioxide

(CO2 released is balanced by CO2 taking in by photosynthesis)

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6
Q

Why is the fermentation of glucose not truly carbon neutral?

A

CO2 will be made from other processes

(burning the fossil fuels and transportation)

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7
Q

which 3 processes show carbon neutrality?

A

(in order that they happen)

photosynthesis
fermentation
combustion

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8
Q

what is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water > oxygen + glucose

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9
Q

What is the equation for fermentation?

A

glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

what is the equation for combustion of ethanol?

A

ethanol + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water

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11
Q

What are some disadvantages of fermentation?

A

low yeild
product is impure further distillation required
slow rate of reaction
**environmental issues ** loss of habitat

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12
Q

What is the equation for the direct hydration of ethene?

A

ethene + water > ethanol

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13
Q

What ate the conditions for the direct hydration if ethene?

A

steam
heat
conc H2SO4 as a catalyst

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14
Q

Shat are some advantages of the direct hydration of ethene?

A

high yeild and purity
fast rate
continuous process

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15
Q

What are some disadvantages of the direct hydration of ethene?

A

high energy input required

ethene is obtained from crude oil which is non renewable

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16
Q

What is the equation for the dehydration of ethanol?

A

ethanol > water + ethene

17
Q

What are the conditions for the dehydration of ethanol?

A

heat

concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst

18
Q

what are the observations when potassium dichromate oxidises alcohol?

A

colour changes from orange to green

19
Q

What is formed when primary alcohols are oxidised?

A

Aldehydes

20
Q

How are primary alcohols oxidised?

A

using potassium dichromate under the conditions of distillation

21
Q

What is formed when Aldehydes are oxidesed?

A

carboxylic acids

22
Q

How is an Aldehyde oxidised?

A

using acified potassium dichromate
under conditions of reflux and excess acid

23
Q

What is the equation for ethanol being oxidised to ethanal?

A

CH3CH2OJ + [O] > CH3CHO + H20
ethanol. ethanal. water

(O) = oxidising agent

24
Q

What is the equation for the formation if a carboxylic acid from a primary acid?

A

CH3CH2OH > 2[O] > CH3COOH + H2O

25
Q

What is formed when secondary alcohols are oxidised?

A

Ketones

26
Q

How are secondary alcohols oxidised ?

A

under conditions of distillation

27
Q

Why can ketones not be oxidised further?

A

C-C bond is too strong

28
Q

What is distillation?

A

separates a mixture of liquids with different boiling points

29
Q

What are the conditions for the reactants during oxidation of a primary alcohols to a carboxylic acif

A

reactants should be heated together under a reflux

Chemistry L6 (17 decks)

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