Alcohols

Question 1

What is the functional group of alcohols

Answer 1

OH

Question 2

What is the general formula for alcohols

Answer 2

CnH2n+1 OH

Question 3

What are the two ways to make ethanol

Answer 3

ethene (alkene) + steam

OR

fermentation

Question 4

what is the reaction for ethene + steam and what conditions are used

Answer 4

C2 H4 + H2O —> C2H5OH
<—

High temp and increased pressure
W/ concentrated sulfuric acid and catalyst

Question 5

What is used for the process of fermentation

Answer 5

naturally occuring sugars converted into ethanol and CO2 using a yeast catalyst

Question 6

what is the general formula for fermentation + CONDITIONS of Reaction

Answer 6

C6H12O6 —–> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

less than 39 deg
absence of oxygen because anaerobic

Question 7

What happens with complete combustion of alcohols
+ What are the balanced equations for first 4 alcohols

Answer 7

produces CO2 + H2O

2CH3OH + 3O2 —> 2CO2 + 4H2O = methanol combustion
CH3CH2OH + 3O2 —> 2CO2 + 3H2O = ethanol combustion
2CH3CH2CH2OH + 9O2 —> 6CO2 + 8H2O

Question 8

What do alcohols do with water

Answer 8

mix with water

Question 9

what is the scientific term for mixing with water

Answer 9

miscible

Question 10

Why can alcohols mix with water

Answer 10

functional group -OH

Question 11

What happens when alcohols react with sodium

Answer 11

hydrogen gas bubbles can be seen

Question 12

What is the rate of reaction of alcohols with sodium like compared to water

Answer 12

slower reaction

Question 13

What are alcohols used for

Answer 13

fuels + solvents in industry because dissolves things water cannot like lipids and hydrocarbons

Question 14

What happens when we oxidise alcohols

Answer 14

we form a carboxylic acid