Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych > Alcohol Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Alcohol Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two groups of substance related disorders?

A

Substance used disorder( addiction)

Substance induced disorders (in intoxication withdrawal delirium neural cognitive disorder, psychosis, bipolar, depressive OCD, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disorders)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define addiction

A

A compulsive or chronic requirement the need is so strong to generate distress either physical or physiological is left on fulfilled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is substance addiction?

A

Use of a substance interferes with the ability to fulfill a role oblige
Attempts to cut down or control. Use fail.
It to cravings lead to excessive amount of time, but trying to pure substance or recover from its use
Causes difficulty interpersonal relationships become socially isolated is I’ll
Engages and hazardous activities
Tolerance develops
Substance specific symptoms occur upon discontinuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is tolerance

A

Addiction is evident when tolerance develops the amount required to achieve the desired effect continuously increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define intoxication

A

A state of disturbance and cognition, perception behavior, level of consciousness, judgment, and other functions that is directly attributed to the effects of psychoactive drug. It may be marketed by a physical and mental state of exhilaration and emotional frenzy or lethargy and stupor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is substance intoxication?

A

The development of a reversible syndrome of symptoms, following excessive use of of substance

The symptoms are drug specific in a occur shortly after ingestion of substance judgment is disturbed, resulting in inappropriate and maladaptive behavior, and social and occupational functioning or impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

The psychological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of a addictive substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is substance withdrawal?

A

Occurs upon abrupt reduction or discontinuation of a substance used regularly over prolonged period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does substance specific syndrome include?

A

Clinically significant physical signs and symptoms, as well as physiological changes, such as disturbances and thinking feeling and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following has been implicated in the predisposition of substance-abuse
Hereditary factor
Fixation in the adolescent stage of psychosexual development
Punitive ego
Narcissistic, independent, personality traits

A

Hereditary factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is alcohol made?

A

It is a natural substance formed by a reaction of fermenting sugar with yeast spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the amount present in a beer, wine and whiskey that is consumed at the same rate would have an equal effect on one’s body

A

12 ounces of beer 3 to 5 ounces of wine in a cocktail with 1 ounce of whiskey, all measuring a approximately 0.5 ounces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effect does alcohol have on the central nervous system?

A

A depressant effect resulting in behavior and mood changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is phase 1 of alcohol used disorder

A

The pre-alcoholic phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pre-alcoholic phase phase 1 of alcohol used disorder

A

This phase is characterized by the use of alcohol to relieve the everyday stress intention of life

Children may have observed parents or other adults, drinking alcohol and enjoying the effects child learns alcohol is acceptable method of coping for stress

Tolerance develops in amount required to achieve the desire effect steadily increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is phase 2 of alcohol used disorder

A

The early alcoholic phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is phase 2 the early alcoholic phase of alcohol used disorder

A

Phase begins with blackouts, brief periods of amnesia that occurred, during or immediately following a period of drinking
Alcohol is no longer source of pleasure or relief, but a drug that is required by individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some common behaviors in phase 2 the early alcoholic phase of alcohol used disorder

A

Sneaking drinks or secret drinking
Preoccupation with drinking and maintaining the supply of alcohol
Rapid gulping of drinks
Blackouts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does someone feel during phase 2 the early alcoholic phase

A

Feels enormous guilt, and becomes very defensive about drinking excessive. Use of denial, and rationalization is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is phase 3 of alcohol used disorder

A

The crucial phrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is phase 3 the crucial phase

A

Individual has lost control of use, and physiological addiction is clearly evident
Been described as inability to choose, whether or not to drink
Binge drinking occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is binge drinking?

A

The pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration levels up to 0.08

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many drinks for men and women does it take for the blood alcohol level to reach 0.08

A

Four drinks for women and five drinks for men in about two hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some characteristics of been shrinking?

A

Sickness
Loss of conscious
Squalor
Decoration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does a patient feel in phase 3 the crucial phase of alcohol use disorder
Individual is extremely ill, anger and aggression or common manifestations Drinking is total focus and is willing to risk losing everything that was once important to maintain the addiction
26
My phase 3 crucial phase what is not uncommon for the individual to experience
Loss of job, marriage, family, friends, and most especially self-respect
27
What is phase 4 of alcohol used disorder
The chronic phase
28
What is phase 4 the chronic phase of alcohol used disorder
Characterized by emotional and physical disintegration Individual is usually intoxicated more often than he is sober
29
What is emotional disintegration evidenced by?
Profound helplessness, and self-pity
30
What happens to the body in phase 5 the chronic phase
Life-threatening, physical manifestations may be evident in virtually every system of the body
31
What does unmanaged withdrawal from alcohol resulting
Syndrome of symptoms that include hallucinations, tremors convulsion, severe agitation, and panic Depression suicidal ideation are not uncommon
32
Can withdrawal from alcohol be fatal
Yes, for long-term heavy drinkers
33
At low-dose alcohol produces what kind of symptoms on the body
Relaxation loss of inhibitions, lack of concentration, drowsiness, slurred, speech, and sleep
34
What is peripheral neuropathy due to alcohol?
Characterized by nerve damage, results in pain, burning, tingling, or prickly sensation and extremities
35
What causes peripheral neuropathy in an alcoholic?
Direct result of deficiency in the B vitamins, particularly thiamine
36
Why is nutritional deficiencies common in chronic alcoholics?
Due to insufficient intake of nutrients, and because of toxic effective alcohol results in male absorption of nutrients
37
Is peripheral neuropathy reversible in alcoholics?
The process is often reversible with abstinence from alcohol and restoration of nutritional deficiencies But for some individuals, pain and numbness may be permanent
38
If an alcoholic has peripheral neuropathy and continues the use of chronic alcohol, what will happen
Permanent muscle wasting and paralysis can occur
39
When does is alcoholic myopathy occur
May occur in acute or chronic condition
40
In acute alcoholic myopathy, what happens
Individual experiences of sudden onset of muscle pain, swelling and weakness, along with myoglobin urea evidence by red tinged in the urine
41
What can be elevated in alcohol alcoholic myopathy before the appearance of symptoms?
Creatinine kinase
42
What lab are elevated in alcoholic myopathy?
Creatinine phosophonokinase (CPK) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Aldolase Aspartame aminotransferase (AST)
43
In acute alcoholic myopathy, what happens to the muscles
Muscle symptoms are usually generalized but pain and swelling may be selective involved in the calves or other muscle groups
44
What are the symptoms of chronic alcoholic myopathy?
Gradual wasting and weakness and skeletal muscles
45
What is difference between acute and chronic alcohol of myopathy
The pain tenderness in elevated muscle enzymes seen an acute myopathy are not seen in the chronic condition
46
What is thought to be the cause of alcoholic myopathy
Say, vitamin B deficiency that contributes to peripheral neuropathy
47
What is Wickes’s encephalopathy in an alcoholic?
Represents the most serious form of thiamine deficiency and alcoholics
48
What are symptoms of Wornick’s encephalopathy and alcoholics?
Paralysis of the ocular muscles Diplopia Ataxia Somnolence Stupor
49
Is wernickes encephalopathy fatal
If thiamine replacement therapy is not given quickly, dealth will ensure
50
What is korsakoffs psychosis in alcoholics?
Identified by syndrome of confusion, loss of recent memory, and confabulation in alcoholics
51
When is korsakoffs psychosis encountered in clients with alcoholism
If they are recovering from Wernickes encephalopathy
52
What is treatment of? korsakoffs psychosis
Parenteral or oral thiamine replacement
53
What is alcoholic cardiomyopathy?
The effect of alcohol on the heart is an accumulation of lipids in the myocardial cells, resulting in enlargement and weakened condition
54
What are the clinical findings of alcoholic cardiomyopathy generally caused by?
Congestive heart failure, arrhythmia
55
What are symptoms of alcoholic cardiomyopathy?
Include decreased exercise, tolerance, tachycardia, dyspnea, edema, palpitations, and nonproductive cough
56
What are laboratory test done to show alcoholic cardiomyopathy?
Elevation of enzymes CPK,AST, ALT, and LDH
57
What tests are done to observe alcoholic cardiomyopathy
Electrocardiogram and congestive heart failure may be evident on chest x-rays
58
What is the treatment of alcohol cardiomyopathy?
Total permanent abstinence from alcohol Treatment of congestive heart failure may include rest, oxygen, sodium restriction, and diuretics
59
What is esophagitis due to alcohol
Inflammation and pain in the esophagus occurs because of toxic effects of alcohol on the esophageal mucus, and because of frequent vomiting associated with alcohol abuse
60
What is gastritis in an alcoholic?
Effects of alcohol in the stomach include inflammation of stomach lining Alcohol breaks down the stomach, protective, mucus barrier, all allowing hydrochloric acid to erode the stomach wall
61
What are some symptoms in gastritis of an alcohol?
Epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, and distention Damaged a blood vessels may result in hemorrhage
62
What is acute pancreatitis of an alcoholic?
Occurs a day or two after a binge of excessive alcohol consumption
63
What are symptoms of acute pancreatitis in an alcoholic
Constant, severe epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting and abdominal distention
64
What is chronic pancreatitis in an alcoholic lead to?
Pancreatic insufficiency resulting in steatorrhea, male, nutrition, weight loss and diabetes mellitus
65
What is alcoholic hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver caused by long-term heavy alcohol use
66
What are clinical manifestations of alcoholic hepatitis
Enlarged and tender liver, nausea and vomiting, lethargy anorexia, elevated white blood cell count, fever, jaundice sites, and weight loss
67
What is treatment of alcoholic hepatitis?
Strict abstinence from alcohol, proper nutrition and rest the individual can experience complete recovery
68
In severe cases of alcoholic hepatitis what happens
Can lead to cirrhosis or hepatic encephalopathy
69
What is cirrhosis of the liver in an alcoholic?
Chronic injury to the liver. It is in stage of alcoholic liver disease in results from long-term chronic alcohol abuse. There is a widespread destruction of liver cells which are replaced by scar tissue
70
What are clinical manifestations of cirrhosis of the liver?
Nausea and vomiting, anorexia weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, edema anemia blood coagulation abnormalities
71
What does treatment of cirrhosis of the liver include?
Abstinence from alcohol, correction of male, nutrition, supportive care to prevent complications of the disease
72
What are complications of cirrhosis of the liver?
Porto hypertension Ascites Esophageal varices Hepatic encephalopathy
73
What is portal hypertension?
Elevation of blood pressure through the portal, circulation results from defective blood flow through the cirrhotic liver
74
What is ascites
Excessive amount of serous fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity occurs in response to portal hypertension Increase pressure results in seepage of fluid from the service of of the liver into of abdominal cavity
75
What is esophageal varices
Veins in the esophagus that become distended because of excessive pressure due to defective blood flow through the cirrhotic liver As the pressure increases the veracities rupture resulting in hemorrhage, and sometimes death
76
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
Serious complication occurs in the response to the inability of the diseased liver to convert ammonia to urea for excretion
77
What happens in a hepatic encephalopathy when there is a rise in serum ammonia?
Results in progressively, impaired mental functioning, apathy, euphoria, or depression, sleep disturbances, increased confusion in progression To coma, and eventually death
78
What is the treatment include in hepatic encephalopathy?
Complete abstinence from alcohol, reduction of protein and diet avoidance of medication’s broken down in the liver or medication with ammonium (anti acids Tums)
79
How do you reduce intestinal ammonia with medication
Neomyocin Rifaximin Laculose
80
What is leukopenia from alcohol
Production function and movement of the white blood cells are impaired in chronic alcoholics
81
What does leukopenia in alcoholics place the individual at high risk for
Contracting, infectious disease and complicated recovery
82
What is thrombocytopenia in alcohol?
Completely production and survival are impaired as result of toxic effects of alcohol
83
What does thrombocytopenia increase the risk for in alcoholics
Hemorrhage Abstinence from alcohol rapidly reverse this deficiency
84
How does alcohol interfere with sexual dysfunction?
Alcohol interferes with normal production and maintenance of female and male hormones, and long-term alcohol use can interfere with the Livers ability to metabolize estrogenic compounds
85
For women and men what does sexual dysfunction from alcoholism mean?
For women, this can mean changes in menstrual cycle and decrease in loss of fertility For men altered hormone levels, results in diminished libido, decreased sexual performance, and impaired fertility
86
A client is brought to the emergency department. The client is aggressive has slurred speech and impaired motor coordination. Blood alcohol level is 347 among the physicians orders is thiamine which rational is for this intervention. To prevent nutritional deficits To prevent pancreatitis To prevent alcoholic hepatitis To prevent wernickes encephalopathy
To prevent wernickes encephalopathy
87
When does alcohol intoxication occur?
Intoxication usually occurs at a blood alcohol level between 100 and 200 mg Death has been reported at levels, ranging from 400 to 700
88
What are some symptoms of alcoholic intoxication
Disinhibition of sexual or aggressive, impulsive mood, liability, impaired judgment, impaired social, or occupational functioning, slurred speech in coordination, unsteady gate nystagmus and a flushed face
89
What are some symptoms of alcohol and intoxication
This inhibition of sexual or aggressive impulses, mood, liability, impaired judgment, impaired social in occupational functioning, slurred, speech, coordination, unsteady, flush face, and nystagmus
90
When does alcohol withdrawal occur?
Within 4 to 12 hours of cessation or reduction in heavy and prolonged alcohol use Several days or longer
91
What are some withdrawal symptoms of alcohol?
Corey, tremor of hands, tongue or eyelids, nausea, vomiting, malaise, or weakness, tachycardia, sweating, elevated blood pressure, anxiety, depressed mood or irritability, transient, hallucinations, illusions, headache, insomnia
92
When does alcohol withdrawal delirium occur?
On the second or third day, following decrease or discontinuation of alcohol
93
What are CNS depressants?
Alcohol, barbiturates, and non-barbiturates
94
What are CNS stimulants
Amphetamines and related drugs Cocaine Synthetic stimulants
95
It’s estimated that what percentage of nurses have substance abuse disorders
10% alcohol is most widely abused, drug fellow closely by narcotics
96
What are some clues for recognizing substance impairment and nurses?t
High absenteeism if the person source is outside the work area Rarely missing work if substance sources at Increase in wasting drugs, higher incidents of incorrect narcotic counts, and higher record of signing out drugs for other nurses Poor concentration, difficulty meeting, deadlines, inappropriate responses, poor memory recall Inappropriate responses irritability Isolating behaviors Excuses for behaviors Unkept appearance Impaired motor coordination Problems with relationship
97
Actions taken by state boards relating to chemically abuse by nurse may include
Denial suspension, or revocation of license Successful completion of treatment program evidence of support group, attendance 12 step program read negative drug screens
98
What did the American nurse association create to assist impaired nurses
Programs for nurses who are impaired by substance or psychiatric illnesses. Individual go to these programs and get peer assistance as an alternative to discipline from state board as long as the impaired nurse is adhering to requirements of program.
99
What is codependency?
A dysfunctional relationship with oneself
100
What are traits associated with codependency?
Taking care of others at the expensive ones needs Feeling responsible or for fixing other peoples problems Having low self-esteem People pleasers
101
What are the four stages in the recovery process for an individual with codependent personal?
Stage one survival stage Stage two re-identification Stage three the core issue Stage four reintegration stage
102
What are some treatments for alcoholics?
Alcoholics anonymous goal is to remain sober through mutual support in acceptance, and understanding from others, who have experienced same problems with their life
103
What is a pharmacological treatment for alcohol?
Antabuse alcohol deterrent therapy
104
How does disulfiram Antabuse work
Ingestion of alcohol, while taking Aunt abuse results in a syndrome of symptoms that produce sustainable discomfort for the individual, and even result in death if the blood alcohol level is high
105
What are some symptoms of ant abuse, if you drink alcohol
Occurs within 5 to 10 minutes of ingestion of alcohol. Mild reaction can occur at blood levels as low as 5 to 10 mg symptoms are fully developed approximately 50 mg and may include flushed skin, throbbing and head and neck. Respiratory difficulty dizziness, nausea and vomiting sweating hyperventilation, tech, Ardea, hypotension, weakness, blurred vision, and confusion.
106
If someone drinks 125 to 150 mg of alcohol on antabuse, what will happen
Severe reactions, including respiratory depression, cardiovascular collapse, arrhythmias, myocardial, and function, acute congestive, heart, failure, unconsciousness, convulsions, and death
107
When can you administer antabuse?
When client Epstein from alcohol for at least 12 hours
108
If Antabuse is discontinued, it is important for the client to understand what
The sensitivity to alcohol may last for as long as two weeks
109
A person taking anatbuse should avoid what
All alcohol containing substances, including liquid, cough and cold preparation, vanilla extract, aftershave, lotions, colognes, mouthwash, nail polish remover, I propyl alcohol
110
Is disulfiram a cure for alcoholism
No, but it provides a measure of control for the individual who desires to avoid impulse drinking
111
What is vitamin replacement and alcohol use disorder
Multivitamin therapy in combination with daily injections or oral administration of thiamine
112
What is medication assisted treatment in alcohol. Use dis.
Used to decrease intensity of symptoms in an individual who is withdrawing from or who is experiencing the effects of excessive use of alcohol and other drugs
113
What is widely used as a drug and alcohol withdrawal?
Benzodiazepines administered and controlled dose to prevent adverse effects of alcohol withdrawal
114
What are some common benzodiazepines used in alcohol withdrawal?
Librium, serax , lorazepam( Ativan) And Dazipam (Valium)
115
If a patient has liver disease, what benzo diazepam would you use?
Lorazepam (Ativan) or oxazapam (serax)
116
Are anti-convulsants ever used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal
Yes, carbamazepine valproic acid for gabapentin to prevent withdrawal seizures
117
What narcotic antagonist is used in alcohol abstinence
Naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol addiction
118
How does group therapy help in those who have abuse substances?
They are able to share their experiences with others going through similar problems. They’re able to see themselves in others, and thus confront their defenses about giving up the substances.
119
The client diagnosed with chronic alcoholism says to the nurse. I’m tired of using what I want to stop. Is there a medication that can help me maintain sobriety about which medication with the nurse provide information Carbamazepine (tegretol Clonidine ( catapres) Disulfirm (Antabuse) Folick acid
AntAbuse.

Psych (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions