Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards
What is alcohol originally converted to? By what enzyme? And what is the consequence of this?
–>acetaldehyde
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Decreases NAD+/NADH ratio
The accumulation of which metabolite of alcohol metabolism is toxic?
Acetaldehyde
What is alcohol eventually converted to in its metabolism?
Acetyl CoA
What happens to alcohol during metabolism? Say enzymes too
Alcohol-> Acetaldehyde-> Acetate-> Acetyl CoA
Alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase
Acetate is then joined to coenzyme A to form Acetyl CoA using Acetyl CoA synthase
What drug is used to deal with alcoholism?
Disulfiram
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
What conversion also happens alongside the use of enzymes in alcohol oxidation?
NAD+ –> NADH
Therefore lowers NAD+/NADH ratio
Is alcohol metabolism reduction or oxidation?
Oxidation
What does an increase in Acetyl CoA lead to?
Increase in fatty acid synthesis + ketones
Also increased TCA cycle
What results from an alteration in NAD+/NADH ratio due to alcohol oxidation?
Decreased NAD+/NADH ratio
Not enough NAD+ for Fatty Acid oxidation, glycerol metabolism, and to convert lactate–>pyruvate
How can alcohol oxidation lead to lactic acidosis?
Low NAD+/NADH ratio
Less lactate converted back to pyruvate
TF accumulates in blood
‘Lactic acidosis’
NAD+ is a substrate for what….?
Gluconeogenesis
How does alcohol oxidation lead to hypoglycaemia?
Decreased NAD+
NAD+ is substrate for gluconeogenesis
TF less gluconeogenesis occurs
How does alcohol oxidation lead to gout?
Not enough NAD+ TF less lactate–> pyruvate
TF lactate builds up
Reduces kidney ability to excrete uric acid
Urate crystals form- gout
What symptoms does a build up of Acetaldehyde cause?
Irritation of mucous membranes- nausea, vomiting, headache, visual disturbance, shortness of breath
Which enzyme catalyses adding on of acetic acid to coenzyme A?
Acetyl CoA synthase
