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Health: Stress and Stressors > Alcohol & Drugs > Flashcards

Alcohol & Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is binge drinking for a typical adult male?

A

5 or more drinks in 2 hours.

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2
Q

what is binge drinking for a typical adult female?

A

4 or more drinks in 2 hours.

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3
Q

Approximately how many college students drink at binge levels or greater?

A

An estimate of 4 in 10 college students.

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4
Q

What are the consequences of drinking?

A
  1. Atypical behavior
  2. Academic problems
  3. Risky sexual behavior
  4. Sexual assault
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5
Q

How do you determine alcohol content?

A

Multiply drink volume by % alcohol
A 12 ounces glass of beer contains 4% alcohol or .5 oz
1.25 ounces of liquor contains 40% alcohol or .5 oz
5 ounces of wine contains 10% alcohol or .5 oz

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6
Q

When a person drinks alcohol, the alcohol follows the same pathway through the ______________ as food. But unlike food, alcohol does not have to be _____________________ before it is absorbed into the ____________.

A

digestive system, digested into the stomach, blood.

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7
Q

Alcohol reaches the bloodstream in how many minutes and how long does it take for its peak concentration to occur?

A

15 minutes, and about and hour.

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8
Q

What organs does the bloodstream carry alcohol to?

A

the liver, heart and brain.

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9
Q

What is BAC

A

It is the Blood Alcohol Concentration. The effects of alcohol depend on how much is circulating in the person’s stream, that is BAC.

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10
Q

What is a more reliable measure of intoxication than the number of drinks consumed?

A

BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration)

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11
Q

What can rise even after a drinker has passed out because alcohol in the stomach and intestine continues to enter the bloodstream?

A

Blood Alcohol Concentration.

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12
Q

What are signs of alcohol poisoning?

A 
Mental confusion/stupor, coma or cannot be roused
Vomiting
Seizures
Slow breathing
Irregular breathing
Hypothermia
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13
Q

The risk of what increases with smoking?

A 
Cancer in the Upper Respiratory System
In the,
mouth
larynx
pharynx
esophagus
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14
Q

What is the reason that smoking increases the risk of cancer in the upper respiratory system?

A

This may be because the alcohol acts as a solvent allowing the harmful chemicals in tobacco to enter the cells in the digestive tract.

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15
Q

What are some alcohol and psychiatric problems?

A

depression
anxiety
suicide

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16
Q

What are the top 3 causes of death that effect teens because of alcohol?

A
  1. Motor vehicle accidents
  2. Homicide
  3. Suicide
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17
Q

What is DWI?

A

Driving while intoxicated. It is having a BAC level of .08 or greater while driving.

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18
Q

What is the Zero Tolerance Law?

A

For drivers under the age of 18, there is no acceptable BAC. It is illegal for minor to drive after consuming any amount of alcohol.

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19
Q

What happens when a person drinks alcohol and takes another depressant, such as sleeping pills?

A

The combination can cause effects that are more than doubled and can dangerously slow breathing and heart rates. It can lead to death.

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20
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

A state of acute physical and psychological discomfort that occurs with abrupt cessation of drinking.

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21
Q

What are some health consequences of binge drinking?

A
  1. Severe damage to the developing brain of teens.
    This may be why drinking at an early age greatly increases of risk of alcohol dependence.
  2. Early liver damage
    Teens who begin drinking early often have elevated liver enzymes.
    It can also increase the risk of heart disease and cancer.
  3. Higher use of cigarettes, cigars and illicit drugs.
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22
Q

Drinking Alcohol in the teens years may interfere with what?

A

normal development of the body. It can upset normal hormonal balance that is necessary for developing organs, muscles and bones.

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23
Q

Drinking alcohol during ____________ also has adverse effects on the maturing of the ____________________.

A

puberty, reproductive system.

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24
Q

A 2007 article in the Journal of Pediatrics found that:

A

44.9% of high school students reported drinking in the past 30 days.
29% participated in binge drinking.
16% participated in drinking alcohol, but did not binge drink.

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25
Q

How does abuse influence teens’ decisions about drinking?

A

Teen Suicide Prevention states that a teenager who experiences frequent sexual, physical, mental or emotional abuse at home is more likely to form an alcohol dependency than a teenager who comes from a stable, loving and non-abusive home. Abused teenagers may use alcohol as a way to dull or block out their pain and forget reality for a short time.

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26
Q

How does Peer Pressure influence Teens’ decisions about drinking?

A
  • Some teens choose to drink alcohol to “fit in”.
  • Teens often believe the misconception that “almost everybody drinks”. This is not true.
  • Teens who choose friends who avoid alcohol will have an easier time refusing it themselves.
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27
Q

How does Depression influence teens’ decisions about drinking?

A
  • Teens who are depressed are more likely to become alcoholics than teens who are not depressed.
  • Alcohol is actually a depressant and makes the symptoms worse.
  • A teenager may convince herself that the alcohol will take away her sadness and make her feel better, but after the alcohol wears off she may feel worse than she did before she began drinking.
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28
Q

How does Lack of Parental Support influence teens’ decisions about drinking?

A
  • Teenagers who regularly experience harsh discipline, criticism, hostility or rejection from their parents tend to feel abandoned, causing them to turn to alcohol as a way to dull the pain.
  • Teenagers who have parents who are alcoholics have a higher risk of becoming alcoholics themselves. It has been suggested that a person is born with the gene for alcoholism and that it is triggered by environmental stressors such as having problems at home, doing poorly in school or struggling to make friends. In addition, a teenager may think that it is normal to drink excessively because his alcoholic parent regularly abuses alcohol.
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29
Q

What happens when a person has a BAC of .04-.06?

A

Their judgement and self-control are impaired.

Their reaction time slows.

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30
Q

What is the BAC that is the illegal point for 21 years old?

A

.08

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31
Q

What is typical in a BAC of .20?

A

Blackouts

32
Q

What usually occurs in a BAC of .40?

A

Loss of consciousness usually occurs.

Death may occur.

33
Q

What is intoxication?

A

The state in which person’s mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or another substance.

34
Q

A person’s __________ chemically breaks down or metabolizes alcohol at a fairly constant rate. That rate is _____ of alcohol per hour (_____________)

A

liver, 1/2-1 ounce, one glass of beer, one shot of liquor or one glass of wine.

35
Q

How does Body Size affect BAC?

A

Smaller people will feel the effects of alcohol more than larger people.
Females will have a higher BAC.

36
Q

How does age affect BAC?

A

The same amount of alcohol produces higher BAC’s in older drinkers, who have lower volumes of body water to dilute the alcohol than younger drinkers do.

37
Q

How does the amount of food in stomach affect BAC?

A

Drinking on an empty stomach increases the rate of alcohol absorption into the bloodstream.

38
Q

How does your race affect BAC?

A

Asians and Native Americans are unable to break down alcohol as quickly as Caucasians.

39
Q

What are some reasons that people drink?

A
  • To relax
  • Heighten sense of masculinity or femininity
  • Social ease
  • Role models drink
  • Advertising
  • Relationship issues
40
Q

Nearly ___________ increase alcohol use and encounters more related problems throughout the college years.

A

1 in 3 students.

41
Q

What are some facts about alcohol?

A

It is a drug; it is a chemical substance taken to cause changes in a person’s body or behavior.
It is a depressant.
It is a drug that slows brain and body reactions.

42
Q

What is the impact of alcohol misuse in college?

A
  • Lowered GPA during first year.
  • Depression and anxiety among binge drinkers.
  • Binge within 30 days prior to testing affects spatial working memory.
  • College drop-out after first year.
  • Death, injury, physical attacks and sexual assaults.
43
Q

What is Binge Drinking?

A

A pattern of drinking that brings alcohol concentration to .08 gram-percent or above

44
Q

What are opiates?

A 
Any drug made from psychoactive compound contained in the seed pod of poppy plants.
Ex)
morphine
codeine
oxycontin
heroin
45
Q

Opiates are prescribed for what reason?

A

To dull the sense, relieve pain and induce sleep.

It is a powerful narcotic or pain killers.

46
Q

What does oxycontin do?

A
  1. blocks pain receptors

2. sends out endorphin

47
Q

What are the long term effects of oxycontin?

A
  • The most serious side effect of oxycontin is respiratory depression(slowed breathing) which can lead to death.
  • Constipation, sweating, mood changes, nausea and vomiting.
48
Q

More than ________________ have never used marijuana or other illegal drugs

A

6 in 10 college students.

49
Q

What are the characteristics of illicit drug users on college campuses?

A
  • Most in late teens or early 20’s
  • Most likely male
  • Most likely white
  • Lower GPA
  • Most likely to be sexually active
50
Q

Why do college students not use drugs?

A
  • Spirituality and Religion
  • Academic Engagement
  • Perceived harmfulness
  • Athletics
51
Q

Why do college students use drugs?

A
  • Genetics and family history
  • Substance use in high school
  • Social norms
  • Positive expectations
  • Mental health problems
  • Social influences
  • Alcohol use
  • Race/Ethnicity
52
Q

What is addiction?

A

a disease that changes the structure and chemistry of the brain.

53
Q

What is the biology of dependence?

A

Drug dependence is a brain disease triggered by frequent use of drugs that change the biochemistry and anatomy of neurons and alter the way they work.

54
Q

What is dopamine?

A

a kind of neurotransmitter; a chemical produced by nerve cells that process and transmit information in the brain.

55
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Drugs that speed up activities of the central system

56
Q

What are the early influences of drug users?

A
  • Economic disadvantage
  • Family instability
  • Lack of realistic, rewarding alternatives
  • Lack of role models
  • Increased hopelessness
57
Q

What are club drugs?

A

Molly, MDMA, Ecstasy.

Stimulant and mildly hallucinogenic

58
Q

What are the health effects of ecstasy?

A

When combined with physical exertion like dancing can lead to sever hyperthermia, dehydration and increase in blood pressure.

59
Q

What are GHBA?

A

Used in date rape and body building.
Acts as a sedative producing feelings of euphoria and heightened sexuality
It has amnesia properties so has been used as a date rape drug
Can cause unconsciousness and coma.

60
Q

Few substances are as harmful as __________________

A

methamphetamine

61
Q

What can methamphetamine do?

A

It can have devastating medical, psychiatric and social consequences.

62
Q

What is a health risk of methamphetamine?

A

Creates elevated blood pressure and heart rate leading to irreversible damage to blood vessels in the brain and possible stroke.

63
Q

What is a common date rape drug?

A

Rohypnol

64
Q

What are some stimulants?

A 
Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Cocaine 
Ritalin
Nicotine
65
Q

What happens in LSD?

A

Sensations and feeling change more dramatically than in the physically signs in people under the influence of LSD

66
Q

What is an effect of LSD?

A

It is long term: can cause severe mental illness and flashbacks.

67
Q

What can inhalant cause?

A

Even one session of inhalant abuse can cause death by cardiac arrest or suffocation.
Causes organ damage and brain cell damage.

68
Q

_________ is an illegal stimulant

A

cocaine.

69
Q

What are four major stimulant drugs?

A

Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Bath Salts

70
Q

How do you treat drug abuse?

A
  • Detoxification
  • Therapeutic Communities
  • Supervised Medications
71
Q

How do you stay drug free?

A
  • Practice refusal skills
  • Seek help when stressed and problems are to much to handle
  • Seek healthy alternatives to drugs
  • Engage in physical activity
  • Volunteer
  • Join a youth group and help with service projects
72
Q

What is cannabis?

A

Marijuana and Hashish; most widely used drugs.

The major psychoactive ingredient in both is THC

73
Q

What does Marijauana do?

A

it lowers your IQ

74
Q

What is marijuana considered?

A

A “gateway” drug meaning that it is often a gateway to “harder” drugs such as cocaine, etc.

75
Q

What happened to participants in the German study who had no psychotic symptoms and had not tried marijuana before the study had began, and started using marijuana?

A

They had nearly double the risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms in the future.

Health: Stress and Stressors (6 decks)

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