ALCOHOL ABUSE

Question 1

neurological disease associated with EtOH?

Answer 1

acute intoxication
acute withdrawal
-seizures
-delirium tremens
chronic and secondary effects
-alcholism
-wernicke-korsakoff syn
-neuropathy
-cerebellar atrophy

Question 2

T/F, most common drug of abuse in the world?

Answer 2

T

Question 3

it is a direct CNS depressant binding to the same receptor as?

Answer 3

benzodiazepines

Question 4

acute does acute EtOH intoxication occur?

s/s?

Answer 4

begins at low BACs (50-150 mg dL) in nonhabituated patients due to ease of crossing the BBB

flushed face
euphoria
dysphoria
social disinhibition
drowsiness
belligerance

Question 5

affect (s/s) of higher EtOH consumption on the body?

Answer 5

ataxia
lethargy
stupor
coma
resp depression
death

Question 6

what are the stages of inhibition d/t acute EtOH intoxication?

Answer 6

decreased motor function
impaired judgement
gait ataxia
lethargy
coma 
resp depression
death

Question 7

t/f, endogenous ethanal receptors in the brain?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

acts through what receptors?

starts where?

Answer 8

GABA

reticular formation, than cerebra cortex and cerebellum

Question 9

neuro exams can reveal?

Answer 9

dysarthria
ataxia
saccadic pursuit

Question 10

T/F, Reduces sleep onset latency, REM sleep duration, and sleep efficiency

Answer 10

T

Question 11

T/F, In moderate EtOH intoxication, EEG may reveal increased beta activity, and heavy intoxication may lead to slow activity

Answer 11

T

Question 12

examples of the effects of acute EtOH w/d?

Answer 12

hallucinations
seizures
delirium tremens

Question 13

triad of ataxia, confusion, ophthalmoplegia

deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1)

Answer 13

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Question 14

how is wernicke-korsakoff syndrome treated?

Answer 14

thiamine

Question 15

this is a type of neuropathy EtOH related that is axonal and presents with distal tingling, paresthesias, pain, weakness, progresses over months, improves when EtOH ceases, treated symptomatically

Answer 15

EtOH related neuropathy

Question 16

Related to death of Purkinje cells from that portion of the cortex

Gradual onset of gait ataxia, dysarthria, and tremor

Felt to be related to poor nutritional state or toxicity from EtOH

what is this?

Answer 16

cerebellar atrophy

Question 17

Affects about 2% of all adults in the Western world
Ie most common disorder of skeletal muscle

Present in up to 60% of people with at least a three-year history of heavy alcohol abuse

Presents as painless proximal limb weakness
Women are likelier to develop this

Nonspecific changes including atrophy of type II muscle fibers (which depend the most on glycolysis)

what is this?

Answer 17

Chronic alcoholic myopathy

• Decreased protein synthesis w/o reduced protein degradation
• Free radical-induced muscle injury
• Alcohol-mediated apoptosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle
• Decreased glycolytic enzymes and reduced lactate production during ischemic exercise

Question 18

Rare syndrome

Described in 1903 in three alcoholic men who had seizures and, eventually, coma

Middle two-thirds of the corpus callosum necrotic

Has been also associated with Wernicke syndrome

3rd and 4th layers of cortex can also be involved

what is this?

Answer 18

Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome

type A, coma or severe cognitive symptoms

type B. more subtle cognitive problems