ALCOHOL ABUSE Flashcards
neurological disease associated with EtOH?
acute intoxication acute withdrawal -seizures -delirium tremens chronic and secondary effects -alcholism -wernicke-korsakoff syn -neuropathy -cerebellar atrophy
T/F, most common drug of abuse in the world?
T
it is a direct CNS depressant binding to the same receptor as?
benzodiazepines
acute does acute EtOH intoxication occur?
s/s?
begins at low BACs (50-150 mg dL) in nonhabituated patients due to ease of crossing the BBB
flushed face euphoria dysphoria social disinhibition drowsiness belligerance
affect (s/s) of higher EtOH consumption on the body?
ataxia lethargy stupor coma resp depression death
what are the stages of inhibition d/t acute EtOH intoxication?
decreased motor function impaired judgement gait ataxia lethargy coma resp depression death
t/f, endogenous ethanal receptors in the brain?
true
acts through what receptors?
starts where?
GABA
reticular formation, than cerebra cortex and cerebellum
neuro exams can reveal?
dysarthria
ataxia
saccadic pursuit
T/F, Reduces sleep onset latency, REM sleep duration, and sleep efficiency
T
T/F, In moderate EtOH intoxication, EEG may reveal increased beta activity, and heavy intoxication may lead to slow activity
T
examples of the effects of acute EtOH w/d?
hallucinations
seizures
delirium tremens
triad of ataxia, confusion, ophthalmoplegia
deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1)
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
how is wernicke-korsakoff syndrome treated?
thiamine
this is a type of neuropathy EtOH related that is axonal and presents with distal tingling, paresthesias, pain, weakness, progresses over months, improves when EtOH ceases, treated symptomatically
EtOH related neuropathy
Related to death of Purkinje cells from that portion of the cortex
Gradual onset of gait ataxia, dysarthria, and tremor
Felt to be related to poor nutritional state or toxicity from EtOH
what is this?
cerebellar atrophy
Affects about 2% of all adults in the Western world
Ie most common disorder of skeletal muscle
Present in up to 60% of people with at least a three-year history of heavy alcohol abuse
Presents as painless proximal limb weakness
Women are likelier to develop this
Nonspecific changes including atrophy of type II muscle fibers (which depend the most on glycolysis)
what is this?
Chronic alcoholic myopathy
- Decreased protein synthesis w/o reduced protein degradation
- Free radical-induced muscle injury
- Alcohol-mediated apoptosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle
- Decreased glycolytic enzymes and reduced lactate production during ischemic exercise
Rare syndrome
Described in 1903 in three alcoholic men who had seizures and, eventually, coma
Middle two-thirds of the corpus callosum necrotic
Has been also associated with Wernicke syndrome
3rd and 4th layers of cortex can also be involved
what is this?
Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome
type A, coma or severe cognitive symptoms
type B. more subtle cognitive problems
