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alchohols Flashcards

1
Q

what are alcohols

A

organic molecules containing an -OH functional group

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2
Q

methanol

A

CH3OH

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3
Q

ethanol

A

C2H5OH

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4
Q

propanol

A

C3H7OH

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5
Q

butanol

A

C4H9OH

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6
Q

explain the hydration of ethane

A

ethane is mixed with steam at 300c 65atm

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7
Q

what catalyst is used in the hydration of ethene

A

phosphoric acid - H3PO4

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8
Q

advantages of the hydration of ethene

A

makes pure ethanol, can run continuously

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9
Q

disadvantages of the hydration of ethene

A

requires a lot of energy, non renewable material is used - crude oil

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10
Q

explain the fermentation of glucose

A

glucose is microbiologically fermented at 30c

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11
Q

what does both hydration of ethene and fermentation of glucose produce

A

ethanol

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12
Q

what is/isnt present in glucose fermentation

A

yeast- provides enzymes, no air - aneroboc to prevent oxidation

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13
Q

what provides the glucose in glucose fermentation

A

sugar cane

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14
Q

advantages of glucose fermentation

A

renewable raw material, conditions aren’t energy intensive

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15
Q

disadvantages of glucose fermentation

A

makes pure ethanol, has to be done individually

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16
Q

what are three ways for ethanol to be oxidised

A

combustion, microbial oxidation, chemical oxidation

17
Q

explain the combustion of ethanol

A

tends to combust completely due to the -OH, results in a non-luminous blue flame

18
Q

chemical equation for the combustion of ethene

A

C2H5OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H2O

19
Q

explain microbial oxidation

A

bacteria and fungi use the oxygen in the air to oxidise ethanol into ethanoic acid

20
Q

chemical equation for microbial oxidation and chemical oxidation

A

C2H5OH + 2[O] -> CH3COOH + H2O

21
Q

explain chemical oxidation

A

heat ethanol with potassium dichromate (IV) and dilute sulfuric acid

22
Q

colour change of dichromate (IV)

A

orange to green

23
Q

properties of alcohols

A

clear, colourless liquids that are miscible in water

24
Q

pH of alcohols

25
Q

what temperature does ethanol boil at

26
Q

why do alcohols burn more clearly than alkanes

A

contains oxygen

27
Q

what are alcohols (long answer)

A

alcohols are simple covalent compounds with low melting and boiling points - this is because weak intermolecular forces surround the molecule meaning little energy is required to break these forces

28
Q

general formula for alcohols

chemistry (12 decks)

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