Alat, Alon, at Hangin (part 4) Flashcards
mass of a substance in a given volume
density
Density is measured by
Grams per cubic meter
Pure water has a density of
1g/cm3
True or False:
Seawater contains dissolved salts, it has a higher
density than pure water
True
what is the density of seawater
1.0270 g/cm3
Density increases when salinity __ or
temperature __
salinity increase; temp decrease
*Density decreases when salinity _ or
temperature _.
salinity decrease; temperature increase
In the open ocean, _ is more
decisive than salinity in determining the water’s
density
surface temperature
*Surface water _ has the highest salinity
in the open ocean, but the water is so warm that it
remains less dense than the water below it and
does not sink.
in tropics
*Water in the _ has a lower salinity but
is much colder, and thus the surface water is denser
and sinks
North Atlantic
When the density of water
increases with depth, the water
column from the surface down is
said to be _
stable
If the top water in a water column is
more dense than the water below
it, the water column is _.
unstable
If the water column has the same
density from top to bottom it is
_
neutrally stable, isopycnal
means there is no
tendency for water in the column to
sink or rise.
Neutral stability
Since density is generally controlled by temperature and salinity,
this type of circulation is also known as _.
THERMOHALINE
CIRCULATION.
Sometimes the horizontal movement of water that is produced by the winds can cause surface water to move vertically
Wind Induced Vertical Circulation
Since the quantity of water in the oceans is essentially fixed, any movement of water from one place to another would cause a similar but opposite movement to replace the water that leaves an area.
If the vertical movement is UPWARD, it is called an _,
and if it is downward, it is called a _
Upward - Upwelling
Downward - Downwelling
mix usually cold, nutrient-rich
bottom water with the warmer, sunlit surface waters
upwelling and downwelling
