Al-Andalus And The Christian Kingdoms Flashcards

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1
Q

On what was based the expansion of the Islam?

A

On a STRONG ARMY

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2
Q

Al-Andalus what conquered in the 7th century?

A

Syria, Egypt and Persian Empire

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3
Q

In the 8 th century what they did (Al-Andalus)?

A

They arrived to the Indus River

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4
Q

When they arrived to the Indus River what they did?

A

They tried to conquer Constantinople twice but they couldn’t
The conquest of the Iberian peninsula (n711-718)

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5
Q

How much Time Al-Andalus spent conquering the Iberian peninsula?

A

7 years

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6
Q

In the 9th century what they did?

A

They conquered parts of Italy

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7
Q

The organisation of the Caliphate:

A

The first 4 caliphate were chosen between Muhammad family but this provóqued divisions

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8
Q

The division of the caliphate

A

SHIA: Caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad
SUNNIS: The Caliph should be chosen among the believers.

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9
Q

Who ruled the Caliphate till 750?

A
Umayyad family (Shia) 
Capital in Damascus
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10
Q

In 750 in the caliphate?

A

Abbasid (Sunnis) took over (750-1258)

Capital in Baghadad

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11
Q

Visigoths in 12 th century

A

Crisis

Economic problems and rivalries for the throne

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12
Q

When wittiza died…

A

There was a civil war between their sons and who wanted an elective king

Roderic

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13
Q

When the king Roderic died

A

In 711

Muslim army arrived to the IP and bated the visigoths in the battle of Guadalete

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14
Q

What resisted in the Muslim conquest

A

The Cantabria mountains

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15
Q

The integration of Al-Andalus

A

Visigoths signed pacts to mantein the peace
Convert to Islam and speak Arabic: MULADÍ
Christians:MOZARABS

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16
Q

Why Al-Andalus changed in 800 years

A

The territory dismissed as a result of Christian conquest

Rivalries between Al-Andalus and the caliphate

17
Q

Dependent emirate

A

718-756
Capital= cordoba
Ruber=emir

18
Q

Independent emirate

A

756-929
Umayyad kill and Abderaman came to Al-Andalus in 756
Emir=Abderaman= independent
BUT RELIGIOUS STILL REMAINED

19
Q

Caliphate of Córdoba

A
929-1031
CRISIS: Internal rebelions
Attacks by Christians
Less trade
929: Abderaman= caliph of cordoba
20
Q

Taifa kingdoms

A

1031-1248
Crisis: 25 kingdoms=taifa
Explendour BUT MILITARY WEAKER
Help to Almoraids and Almohads

21
Q

Last taifa of Al-Andalus

A

Granada
Paid taxes t9 christians to avoid the invasion until 1492
Last king=Boadvil

22
Q

Asturias

A

Christians paid to Muslims BUT PELAGIUS REFUSED TO PAY
Caused= battle of Cobadonga in 722
First king of Asturias= Alfonso 1
Alfonso 2 =Oviedo=capital

23
Q

Marca hispánica

A

When Charlemagne conquer the Pyrenees and Ebro river established the Marca Hispánica.

24
Q

Marca hispánica was divided in …

A

Counties

25
Q

When Charlemagne died….

A

Counts make independent and create
KINGDOM OF PAMPLONA
ARAGONESE COUNTIES
CATALÁN COUNTIES

26
Q

Battle of roncesvalles…

A

Charlemagne’s troops retreat to France after failing in the conquest of Zaragoza.
Basques defeat them in RONCESVALLES IN 778. Roland died

27
Q

9 century in Asturias

A

Alfonso 3= expanded the territory of Asturias to ASTORGA, LEÓN, PORTO, ZAMORA…
914= Ordoño 2 moved the capital to León
Tried to expanded to Salamanca but it couldn’t
Muslims with Al-mansur make RAIDS.

28
Q

Castile:

A

Muslims attacked León from the east
Alfonso 3: gave castles in the county of Castile
Kings acted independently
10 century= Fernán González make independent form León
11”= Castile was conquered by Pamplona
Ferdinand= first king of Castile and Leon (by marriage)

29
Q

Kingdom of Pamplona

A

Arista and Jimena families ruled against Muslims
Arista expelled franks and became the king: IÑIGO ARISTA
10 century= conquered Aragon, Álava and La Rioja

30
Q

Aragon

A

9 century= Aznar Galindez created the county of Aragon

11 century= Aragon, Sobrarbe and Ribagprza united

31
Q

Catalán counties

A

9 century= Wilfred the hairy conquered and annexed them to Barcelona
Bórrell 2= became independent from the franks
11 and 12= EXPANSION

32
Q

Legacy of SANCHO 3

A

1-Castile: by marriage
2-Aragon, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza: conquest
3-Leon:conquered because internal problems
1035-
1-leon+Castile
2-Pamplona
3-Aragon +sobrarbe+Ribagorza

33
Q

Castile +Leon in the 12 and 13 century

A

Alfonso 6 conquered Toledo in 1035

Advances stopped because Almoravidsand Almohads

34
Q

Almorávide and almohads

A

Almoravids: stopped Christians and took control Of the taifas in 11 century
Almohads: Almohad incorporated Al-Andalus to their empire.
Defeated in las navas de tolosa in 1212.

35
Q

Pamplona and Aragon in 12 and 13 century

A

Pamplona: couldn’t expand
Aragon: Aragon+Catalonia expanded to Zaragoza+ Tarragona+Teruel

36
Q

The crowd of Castile

A

1037: Ferdinand 1 united Leon+Castile
When he died they separated
1230:Ferdinand 3 definitely united them

37
Q

Portugal

A

1128: independent from Leon thanks to Alfonso Henriques

38
Q

Crowd of Aragon

A

1137: marriage
Petronila
Ramon berenguez 4
First king: Alfonso 2

39
Q

Kingdom of Navarre

A

1063-1134: Pamplona +aragon

1134: Pamplona separated with García Ramírez
1162: Sancho 4 changed the name

NAVARRE