AKI Flashcards
LIST OF NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS!
AAAND
NSAIDs
aminoglycosides- Gentamycin
ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor antagonists
diuretics
Whats the Staging criteria in AKI?
Stage 1 Increase in creatinine to 1.5-1.9 times baseline /
Increase in creatinine by ≥26.5 µmol/L /
Reduction in urine output to <0.5 mL/kg/hour for ≥ 6 hours
Stage 2 Increase in creatinine to 2.0 to 2.9 times baseline /
Reduction in urine output to <0.5 mL/kg/hour for ≥12 hours
Stage 3 Increase in creatinine to ≥ 3.0 times baseline /
Increase in creatinine to ≥353.6 µmol/L /
Reduction in urine output to <0.3 mL/kg/hour for ≥24 hours
The initiation of kidney replacement therapy, or,
In patients <18 years, decrease in eGFR to <35 mL/min/1.73 m2
Rapid rise in serum creatinine levels and urea
Decrease in urine output (<0.5 ml/kg/h for 6 hours)
Fluid overload signs (e.g., edema, hypertension, pulmonary edema)
Signs related to underlying cause (e.g., sepsis, rashes in vasculitis)
Signs of uremia in severe cases (e.g., fatigue, anorexia, nausea, pruritus, altered mental status)
signs and symptoms of AKI include
Decreased renal perfusion due to shock (hypovolaemic, cardiogenic or distributive), renovascular disease (e.g., renal artery stenosis), and alterations in autoregulation of renal vasculature due to NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, or ARBs.
What stage OF AKI does this represent?
Pre-renal
Intrinsic renal pathology affecting the glomeruli (e.g., acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome), tubules (e.g., acute tubular necrosis due to ischemia or toxins), interstitium (e.g., acute interstitial nephritis due to drugs), and renal vessels (e.g., renal vein thrombosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, vasculitis).
What stage OF AKI does this represent?
renal
Obstruction to urinary outflow anywhere along the urinary tract, whether due to luminal blockage (e.g., a kidney stone), mural obstruction (e.g., a tumour in the urinary tract), or external compression (e.g., benign prostatic hypertrophy).
What stage OF AKI does this represent?
post renal
