AKI Flashcards
how can AKI present
may be asymptomatic or vague symptoms:
N&V
dehydration
confusion
decreased urine output
oedema
vague abdominal pain
how do you diagnose AKI
plasma creatinine
any rise in Cr should be suggestive of an AKI
what are some causes for pre-renal AKI
hypoperfusion of the kidneys:
dehydration: N&V, burns, third spacing (bowell obstruction, sepsis)
Bleeding
HF
Obstruction of the renal artery or vein (stenosis or thrombosis)
what is the immediate action for pre renal AKI
give fluids
what are some causes for post renal AKI
generally due to obstruction
enlarged prostate
stones, clots, pus, caner
outside the urinary tract:
solid organ tumours of the pelvis
lymphoma
retroperitoneal fibrosis
what is the immediate action for suspected post renal AKI
imaging
what are some renal causes of AKI
glomerular: glomerulonephritis
vascular: malignant HTN, MAHA, scleroderma, vasculitis, NSAIDs, cyclosporin’s
Tubular intersitial: ATN, malingancy
what is the immediate action for renal AKI
urinalysis
blood: vasculitis
protein: myeloma
what are some complications of AKI
uraemia
hyperkalaemia
progression to CKD
what are some indications for dialysis in AKI
severe hyperkalaemia
uraemia
pulmonary oedema not responding to treatment
acidosis
pericarditis
