Airworthiness Requirements Flashcards
Documents required to be on board an aircraft prior to flight.
Airworthiness Certificate
Registration Certificate
(Radio Operators License)
Operating limitations
Weight and balance data
Compass deviation card
External data plate
What information meets the requirements of the aircraft Operating Limitations?
AFM (aircraft flight manual)
POH (pilot operating handbook) placards instrument markings
Which required documents must be displayed in such a way as to be visible to both passengers and crew?
The Airworthiness Certificate
Are the aircraft and engine logbooks required to be carried onboard an aircraft?
No. They should be kept in a safe place away from the aircraft. They must be made available upon request.
How can a pilot determine if his aircraft is equipped with a Mode C altitude encoding transponder?
By referencing the weight and balance equipment list for the aircraft.
What is the significance of aircraft certified in the Normal Category of airworthiness?
Aircraft structure is capable of withstanding a load factor of 3.8 G’s without failure. This applies to aircraft intended for non-acrobatic operation.
What is the significance of aircraft certified in the Utility Category of airworthiness?
Aircraft structure is capable of withstanding a load factor of 4.4 Gs without failure. This usually permits limited aerobatics, including spins (if approved).
Are aircraft flight manuals (AFM) required to be on board all aircraft?
Generally, all aircraft manufactured after March 1, 1979 must have an AFM.
What are Special Flight Permits?
Authorization issued to an aircraft that currently does not meet airworthiness requirements but is safe for a specific flight.
For what purposes are Special Flight Permits usually issued?
a. Flying an aircraft to a base for repairs to be made
b. Delivering or exporting an aircraft
c. Production flight testing new aircraft
d. Evacuating aircraft from areas of impending danger.
What is the procedure for obtaining a Special Flight Permit?
Contact local FSDO.
Instruments and equipment required for VFR day flight.
Anti-collision lights
Tachometer (each engine)
Oil pressure (each engine)
Manifold Pressure (each engine turbocharged)
Altimeter Temperature gauge (each liquid-cooled engine)
Oil temperature gauge (each air-cooled engine)
Fuel gauge (quantity in each tank)
Landing gear light (retractable)
Airspeed indicator
Magnetic direction indicator
ELT
Safety belts
When is floatation gear required for day VFR flight?
if the flight is operated for hire over water beyond power-off gliding distance from the shore.
What extra instruments and equipment are required for VFR night flight?
Fuses
Landing Light if for hire
Anticollision lights
Position lights
Source of electric (generator/alternator)
What is an airworthiness certificate?
document issued by FAA
- to all aircraft that have met minimum requirements of Part 21
- and are in safe condition for flight. Aircraft must still meet requirements of original type certificate
2 classes of airworthiness certificate
standard
special
For aircraft to be airworthy it must meet what conditions?
1) conform to its type design (and applicable STCs and field-approval alterations)
2) condition for safe operations
How does pilot determine if aircraft conforms to its approved type design and is safe for operation?
1) determines if maintenance and alterations are performed and documented according to Parts 21, 43, and 91.
2) registered in US
3) preflight inspection checking for wear and deterioration, damage, leaks, inoperative equipment/instruments
2 types of Airworthiness Directives
Emergency
Less Urgent Nature
What aircraft require 100-hour inspections?
*all aircraft under 12,500 lbs for hire (except turbojet or turbofan)
*aircraft used for hire, when aircraft is provided for flight instruction
What aircraft use progressive inspections?
Large 12,500+lb planes
turbojets and multi-engine aircraft Have a progressive inspection program
Don’t have to do 100hr annuals
What is preventive maintenance? Also, provide 3 examples
simple/minor preservation operations and replacement of small parts.
oil change, hydraulic fluid refill, lubricate wheels
Pilot provided Maintenance Entries must include:
*description of work
*date completed
*pilot’s name, signature, cert #, type of cert
How to deactivate item on your aircraft?
circuit breaker off or render instrument fully inoperable
and placard INOP
If aircraft has MEL, can you deactivate the component not listed in MEL?
No
What form is needed for approval to return aircraft to service by repair station, A&P w/ IA or Admin’s representative?
Form 337
Where can you find ADs?
Where can you find ADs complied with for your aircraft?
rgl.faa.gov
For your aircraft - back of logbook (aircraft, engine, propeller)
Who can update navigation database for installed avionics?
Pilot may update Nav database for INSTALLED AVIONICS if performed without disassembling unit with tools.
Must comply with manufacturers instructions
What exceptions apply to being required to operate an ELT?
*Ferry to repair station to get ELT replaced
*flight training within 50NM of the beginning airport
*flight testing
*aircraft delivery
*aerial agricultural flights
*others as listed in 91.207
What is on the Type Certificate Data Sheet?
*Specifications, conditions and limitations for which the airworthiness requirements were met. ie engine limits, airspeed limits, weight limits, minimum crew
What is a document to alert and educate aviation community about non-regulatory information that is not mandatory like an AD?
Special Airworthiness Bulletins
Define STC
Supplemental Type Certificate
*FAA approval of a major change in type design
*authorizes alteration to airframe, engine, or component
*is part of permanent record of aircraft
What FAA document is required to be viewable to passengers?
Airworthiness certificate
In addition to airworthiness certificate, what document is required onboard the aircraft?
Aircraft Registration Certificate
Where can you find required information to be placarded?
*TCDS
*Limitations section of AFM
*by AD
If 100 hour is required, is the annual required too?
Yes
Who can perform an annual inspection?
AP holding IA
Can a plane be flown to an inspection station with a special flight permit while required ADs are not completed?
No
Annual date has passed and you need to fly to an inspection station. What document do you need for this?
Special Flight Permit
Special Flight Permit is used for what?
Flights of aircraft that do not meet airworthiness requirements but can fly safely.
ie flying to repairs,
delivering aircraft,
production flight tests,
evacuation aircraft from danger,
customer demo
What are the required tests and inspections for aircraft?
Annual (12 months)
ADs and life-limited parts
VOR (30 days for IFR - by pilot)
100 hr Inspection
Altimeter, Altitude Reporting equipment, static pressure system (24 months)
Transponder (24 months)
ELT (12 months)
How often does the static pressure system need inspected?
Every 24 months
How often does the ELT need inspected?
Every 12 months
How often does the Transponder need inspected?
Every 24 months
After defects repaired, who is responsible for determining if aicraft is in condition for safe flight?
PIC
After alterations that substantially affect flight, what is a pilot required to do?
*fly the aircraft *make operational check of alteration made *log flight in aircraft records
Fuses required for night flight (if fuses are accessible in flight)
One spare set or 3 of each kind
Once an operator just requests an MEL, does the aircraft have an MEL?
No, requires a LOA from FAA for the MEL to be valid.
MEL then becomes mandatory
Without an MEL, a pilot can use what deferral provisions?
Deferral provisions of 91.213(d)
With inoperative equipment, what are the two options to use?
Deferral provisions of 91.213(d) MEL
Describe deferral provisions of 91.213(d)
Inop equipment found on ground.
*Ask 4 main questions!!
*Choose to obtain maintenance or defer the item
*If deferring - item deactivated or removed (requires maintenance) *INOPERATIVE placarded near switch/controller Deactivation could be simple - circuit breaker off. Deactivation could be complex
4 main questions for 91.213(d) [No MEL] deferral
*Are inop equipment part of Day VFR type cert?
*Are inop equipment on KOEL?
*Are inop equipment required by 91,205, 91.207 or any other rule?
*Are inop equipment required to be operational by AD?
4 main lists that equipment can’t be on to defer item for 91213(d) [No MEL]
Day VFR type cert KOEL 91.205 or 91.207 or any other rule AD
Aircraft with no MEL has equipment found inoperative before flight. What are the 3 options?
obtain maintenance cancel flight defer the equipment
Do the deferral provisions of 91213(d) apply to in-flight equipment outages?
No. AFM/POH are used for in-flight equipment outages
Who is responsible for ensuring that an aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition?
owner or operator
Who is responsible for ensuring that all AD’s have been complied with?
The aircraft owner or operator. Records must be kept showing the status all applicable AD’s.
Can a 100 hour inspection be substituted for an annual inspection?
No. The annual inspection is acceptable as a 100 hour inspection, but the reverse is not true.
The 100 hour can be signed off by an A&P mechanic but the annual must be signed off by an Inspection Authorization (IA) Certificate holder
How long does the Airworthiness Certificate of an aircraft remain valid?
Indefinitely as long as a. all required maintenance and alterations are performed b. the aircraft is registered in the United States
How long can an aircraft be flown with inoperative equipment on board?
when the aircraft is due for inspection all inoperative items should be repaired or replaced.
What must happen if an AMT removes or installs a piece of equipment that is on the aircraft equipment list?
weight and balance data must be updated
What is an aircraft equipment list, and where is it found?
a. specifies all the required equipment, and all equipment approved for installation in the aircraft. The weight and arm of each item is included on the list.b. the list is usually found with the weight and balance data.
What are Minimum Equipment Lists? (MELs)
a precise list of instruments, equipment and procedures that allow the aircraft to be flown under specific conditions with inoperative equipment.
What regulation applies to aircraft with MELs?
91.213(a)
What is a KOEL?
Kind of Equipment List
*identitifes systems and equipment needed for each kind of operation
*identifies which systems and equipment must be operable for that operation (day/night, IFR/VFR)
Where is a KOEL located?
Limitations section of AFM
What is an MEL?
Minimum Equipment List *precise listing of instruments, equipment and procedures that allow aircraft to be operated under specific conditions with that inoperative equipment *MEL is approved by FAA
Aircraft with MEL has inoperative item to be deferred. What steps to follow?
*make entry in maintenance record *item repaired or deferred *turn item OFF, open circuit breaker *placard the item INOPERATIVE
MEL maintenance deferrals must
be in accordance with the terms of the MEL
Is an MEL voluntary?
Once issued, it is mandatory. It is an STC by serial # and registration #
With an MEL, does a mechanic have to defer an inoperable item?
Yes, a mechanic is needed to defer an inoperable item for an aircraft with an MEL.
Without an MEL, an item that is not VFR day required, not on a KOEL, not required by AD, and required by any other regulation is inoperative, does a mechanic have to defer the inoperable item?
No. For aircraft with no MEL an inoperable item can be disabled and marked INOPERATIVE by the pilot.
Fuses required for night flight
1 of each type 3 of each type that you have multiples of the same type
Can an aircraft operator allow flight operations to be conducted in an aircraft with known inoperative equipment?
Only if the equipment meets the following criteria:a. inoperative instruments or equipment cannot be required 1. for day VFR 2. on the aircraft’s equipment list 3. for the specific kind of operation by the regulations 4. by an airworthiness directiveandb. the inoperative equipment must be 1. removed from the aircraft and logged in the maintenance record or 2. deactivated and placarded “inoperative” and logged in the maintenance record.orc. under a special flight permit
What must happen if an AMT removes or installs a piece of equipment that is on the aircraft equipment list?
the weight and balance data must be updated
What are the required maintenance inspections for aircraft?
Aav1ate
ADs and life limited parts
annual inspections - every 12 calendar monthsb.
100-hour inspection - if carrying passengers for hire or giving flight instruction
Altimeter, altitude reporting equipment and static pressure
Transponder 24 months
ELT 12 months
What aircraft preventive maintenance can a certified pilot perform?
If the aircraft is not used in air carrier service, a certified pilot may perform basic preventive maintenance such as, oil changes, wheel bearing lubrication and hydraulic fluid refills.
91.205 is ATOMATOFLAMES and it has
3 As
2 Ts
2 Os
2 Ms
What are they?
Anti-collision lights
Altimeter
Airspeed Indicator
Tachometer (each engine)
Temperature Gauge (each liquid-cooled engine)
Oil pressure (each engine)
Oil temperature gauge (each air-cooled engine)
Manifold Pressure (each engine turbocharged)
Magnetic Direction Indicator
