Aeronautical Decision Making and Crew Resource Management Flashcards
Define aeronautical decision making.
ADM is the systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.
During flight, decisions must be made regarding events that involve interactions between the four risk elements. What are these elements?
- Pilot in command
- The aircraft
- The environment
- The operation
The DECIDE model for decision making involves which elements?
- D etect a change needing attention
- E stimate the need to counter or react the change.
- C hoose the most desirable outcome for the flight.
- I dentify actions to successfully control the change.
- D o something to adapt to the change
- E valuate the effect of the action countering the change.
What are the major factors affecting judgment and decision making?
- Stress
- Health
- Attitude
- Experience
Name the five hazardous attitudes that negatively impact a pilot’s judgment and ability to make competent decisions and their antidotes.
- Anti-authority - Follow the rules, they are usually right
- Impulsivity - Think first, not so fast
- Invulnerability - It could happen to me.
- Macho - Taking chances is foolish
- Resignation - I can make a difference, I am not helpless
MAIRI
What does crew resource managment (CRM) refer to?
The application of team management concepts in the flight deck environment.
Which groups routinely working with the cockpit crew may also be viewed as effective components of CRM and the decision making process in the cockpit?
- Pilots
- Dispatchers
- Cabin Crew
- Maintenance Personnel
- Air Traffic Controllers
Discuss the importance of understanding the concept of positive exchange of flight controls, as it relates to flight training.
There must always be a clear understanding of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to the flight, there should be a briefing on the procedure for exchanging the flight controls. A positive three step process is recommended:
- Pilot 1 - “I have the airplane”
- Pilot 2 - “You have the airplane”
- Pilot 1 - “I have the airplane”
What is situational awareness?
The accurate perception and understanding of all the factors and conditions within the four fundamental risk elements affecting safety before, during and after the flight.
Situational awareness takes into consideration which four elements?
- Pilot
- Aircraft
- Environment
- Type of Operation
and their interaction with each other
How to improve situational awareness in TAAs
double-check system
use verbal callouts
verify all programming before departure
verify waypoints
use all onboard navigation equipment
stay within personal limitations
What are some of the elements, both inside and outside the aircraft, that a pilot must consider in order to maintain situational awareness?
- Inside aircraft
- Status of systems
- pilots
- passengers
- Outside aircraft
- environmental conditions
- spatial orientation of the aircraft
- relationship to the surrounding terrain
- traffic
- weather
- airspace
What are some of the obstacles to maintaining situational awareness? (3)
- Fatigue and Stress
- Work overload
- Distractions
What are “operational pitfalls”?
Classic behavioral traps into which pilots have been known to fall. Pilots as a rule always try to complete a flight as planned, please passengers, meet schedules, and generally deomonstrate that they have the “right stuff”. The basic drive to demonstrate the right stuff can have an adverse effect on safety, and can impose an unrealistic assessment of piloting skills under stressful conditions.
What are some examples of operational pitfalls that pilots have been known to experience?
- Peer pressure
- Mindset
- Get-there-itis
- Duck-under syndrome (Descent below minimums)
- Scud running
- Continuing VFR into IMC
- Getting behind the aircraft
- Loss of positional or situational awareness
- Operating without adequate fuel reserves
- Descent below the minimum enroute altitude
- Flying outside the envelope
- Neglect of flight planning, preflight inspections, and checklists.
Why are pilots encouraged to use checklists?
They provide a logical and standardized method to operate a particular make and model airplane. Following the checklist reinforces the use of proper procedures throughout all major phases of flight.
What are the two primary methods for using checklists?
- Read and Do:
- This is when a pilot picks up a checklist, refers to an item, and sets the condition. The items for any particular phase of flight would all be accomplished before the checklist is set aside.
- Do and Verify:
- Set the condition of the items for a particular phase of operation from memory or flow pattern, then use the checklist and read to verify that the appropriate condition for each item in that phase has been set. It is not wise for a pilot to become so reliant upon a flow pattern that they fail to verify with a checklist.
What are some examples of checklists a pilot will use in the course of a flight?
- Preflight inspection
- Before engine start
- Engine start
- Before taxi
- Before takeoff
- Climb
- Cruise
- Descent
- Before landing
- After landing
- Shutdown
- Postflight
Define Single-Pilot Resource Management
art and science of managing resources that are inside and outside of the aircraft to ensure successful outcome of flight.
Using proper method to gather and analyze information to make decisions
5-P Method to practice SRM
Plan - weather, route, publications, ATC, fuel
Plane
Pilot
Passengers
Programming
-Used to review critical variables at points in the flight
