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Paramedic > Airways > Flashcards

Airways Flashcards

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1
Q

Concentration of CO2 at the end of exhalation. Normal value is 35-45 mmHg.

A

End tidal (CO2 - EtCO2)

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2
Q

Rare medical condition where the immune system attacks the PNS leading to respiratory failure and then hypercapnia

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) [“gwi-anne bari”]

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3
Q

Ox level for Nebulizer treatment

A

6-8 litters of Ox an hour

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4
Q

Peds Epinephrine dossage

A

0.15mg under 5yo, 0.5mg over

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5
Q

Surgical incision into the trachea

A

Tracheostomy (tray ki asta mi)

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6
Q

Pattern of breathing that moves from quick to deep to apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes breathing (chain stokes)

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7
Q

Where to auscultate lungs

A

Mid clavicular, axial, posterior

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8
Q

Location of second rib, tracheal bifurcation

A

Sternal angle/ Angle of Louis / Manubriosternal joint

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9
Q

below xiphoid, upper center of abdomen

A

Epigastric region

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10
Q

Anterior to larynx, forms the Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage (kar de lich)

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11
Q

Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and co2

A

Chimoreceptors (kimo receptors)

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12
Q

Ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

A

Cricoid cartilage (cry coid - car da lidgd)

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13
Q

Area directly posterior to the mouth and nose

A

Pharynx (fe rinks)

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14
Q

Leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea

A

Epiglottis (epa glotis)

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15
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea (tray ki ya)

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16
Q

Quick shallow breathing

A

Tachypneic (ta KIP nek), tachypnea

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17
Q

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.

A

Ischemia (e SKI mi ya)

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18
Q

Labored or difficult breathing

A

Dyspnea (DISP ni ah)

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19
Q

Accumulation of fluids in lungs

A

Pulmonary edema (a DI ma)

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20
Q

Contraction of smooth muscles, decreasing internal diameter of airways

A

Bronchoconstriction

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21
Q

Pattern of irregular and unpredictable breathing commonly caused by brain injury

A

Ataxic respiration (e TAK sik)

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22
Q
  1. Air in the chest cavity
  2. Air in chest cavity that can’t escape
  3. Chest cavity fills with blood
  4. Chest cavity fills with both air and blood
A
  1. Pneumothorax
  2. Tension pneumothorax
  3. Hemothorax
  4. Hemopneumothorax
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23
Q

Rapid and deep breathing due injury to brain

A

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

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24
Q

Adrenergic receoptors

A
  • Alpha 1 - vasoconstriction
  • Beta 1 - increase heart rate, contraction force, myocardial conduction
  • Beta 2 - Bronchodilation
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25
Q

A common excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine (ACh) (asido KO lin)

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26
Q

A condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen.

A

Ascites (a SAI tis)

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27
Q

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs,in between the parietal and visceral pleura

A

Pleural effusion

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28
Q

Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A

Atopy (ey TA pi)

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29
Q

A skin reaction that causes itchy welts.

A

Urticaria (ur te KE ria) aka Hives.

30
Q

An enlarged right ventricle of the heart that happens because the ventricle is pushing against higher than normal pressure from the pulmonary artery

A

Cor pulmonale (kor Pul menali)

31
Q

An inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs.

A

Thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fluh-BY-tis)

32
Q

Chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles. Impacts breathing.

A

Myasthenia gravis (maya STInya gra ves)

33
Q

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing when lying down. Patients have stacked up pillows.

A

Orthopnea

34
Q

Sudden shortness of breath when sleeping

A

Paroxysmal (perek SIZ mul) nocturnal dyspnea

35
Q

Refers to an increase in the absolute red blood cell (RBC) mass in the body. A compensatory reaction to chronic hypoxia

A

Polycythemia (Poli sy thimia), or erythrocytosis (ee ri thro sy Tosis)

36
Q

Air in and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

37
Q

The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle.

A

Tidal volume/Healthy adult 500ml

38
Q

Respiratory rate x tidal volume.

A

Minute volume - Normal minute volume 5-8 L for an adult (note that our adult BVM bags are more than a litter)

39
Q

Remaining in lungs after normal exhalation

A

Expiratory reserve volume

40
Q

Air expelled in maximal exhalation. Use for the measurement of lung functions.

A

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV)

41
Q

Remaining in lungs after maximal exhalation (cannot be expelled)

A

Residual volume

42
Q
  • Oxygen from alveoli to blood
  • Low oxygen levels in your blood
A
  • Oxygenation (aka external respiration)
  • Hypoxemia
43
Q
  • Ox to tissue
  • Low oxygen levels in your tissues.
A
  • Perfusion (aka internal/cellular respiration)
  • Hypoxia (Hypoxemia can lead to hypoxia)
44
Q

Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch

A

When either the ventilation (airflow) or perfusion (blood flow) in the lungs is impaired. This prevents the lungs from optimally delivering oxygen to the blood.

45
Q

Wet Adventitious lung sound

A
  • Fine Crackles/Rales (Wet): Crackles are brief, discontinuous, popping, sound of Velcro / cellophane being crumpled.
  • Rhonchi (Wet, expiration): Rhonchi are continuous, low-pitched , have a snoring, gurgling, or rattle-like quality.
46
Q

Dry Adventitious lung sound

A

Stridor (Dry, barking, upper airway): upper airway that is narrowed or obstructed. Stridor is a loud, high-pitched crowing breath sound. Causes - obstructions, croup, epiglottis, aspirations.
Wheeze (Dry, central airway): Air flowing through a narrowed bronchus Highest sound intensity when auscultating over or near the central airways.

47
Q

Stopping the exhalation and inhaling until the lung explode. We can also do by bagging them too hard

A

Air trapping (result of stacking of breathing)

48
Q

Systolic blood pressure drops more than 10 mmHg during inhalation (tamponade, trauma to chest)

A

Pulsus Paradoxus

49
Q

A mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract

A

Sputum (spYOO dem)

50
Q

Abnormal breathing pattern that involves long, gasping inhalations followed by brief, ineffective exhalations and apnea.

A

Apneustic (up NOO stik) breathing

51
Q

Rapid, deep breathing at a consistent pace. They are indicative of metabolic acidosis, or when the body accumulates too much acid. Occasionally described as air hunger. Elevated capnography

A

Kussmaul (koos mal) respirations

52
Q

Cannot speak fluently due to lack of ox

A

Conversational dyspnea

53
Q

Body fat

A

Adipose tissue

54
Q

The only bone in humans that does not articulate with any other bone

A

Hyoid bone

55
Q

The nerve that connects to diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

56
Q

During intubation, the tube may get stuck on them

A

Arytenoid (a RI te noid) cartilages

57
Q

Impacted by edema

A

Edematous (e DE ma tes)

58
Q

Lifts the epiglotis

A

HYOEPIGLOTTIC (HAyo epiglotic) LIGAMENT

59
Q

External larynx anatomy (top to bottom)

A
  1. Hyoid bone,
  2. Thyrohyoid membrane,
  3. Thyroid cartilage,
  4. Cricothyroid membrane,
  5. Cricoid cartilage,
  6. Cricotracheal ligament
60
Q

The main areas in the brain impacting breathing/respiratory drive

A

Pons and Medulla

61
Q

Sudden increase in epi and norepinephrine in blood

A

High adrenergic state

62
Q

Diminished responsiveness to stimuli

A

Obtunded (ob tan ded)

63
Q

A sudden dip in the waveform during phase III. Happens in RSI intubation indicating neuromuscular blockade is wearing off and the patient is making an effort to breathe on their own

A

Curare (koo RA ri) cleft

64
Q

Ox goes into the alveoli and to the blood without any breathing

A

Apneic (up NEE yek) oxygenation

65
Q

The emergency procedure for inserting an aiway surgically through the larynx

A

Cricothyroidotomy (Crico-thyroi-dotomy)

66
Q

Intubation without a video device

A

DL - Direct Laryngoscopy

67
Q

Removal of intubation tube

A

Extubation

68
Q

Putting air in the stomach/gastric tract when pushing air into patient

A

Gastric insufflation

69
Q

Total lung capacity

A

The maximum amount of air lungs can hold (total lung capacity) is about 6 liters. Lungs mature by age 20-25 and start declining after age 35.

70
Q

Chemoreceptors and speed of breathing

A
  • Central chemorecptors monitor CO2 and increase breathing when its high.
  • Peripheral chemoreceptors monitor O2 and speed breathing when its low.

Paramedic (11 decks)

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