Airway Management & Intubation Equipment Flashcards
Anesthesia Defined
total lack of awareness or a lack of awareness of a part of the body
GA Induction Sequence
Monitor application, pre-oxygenation, induction agents given, airway support through masking, LMA or ETT placement
Pre-Oxygenation
Increasing apnea threshold by filling FRC with oxygen
Functional Residual Capacity
Lung volume at end of normal exhalation- about 2.5 liters
Residual Volume
1.25-2 Liters
Tidal Volume
0.5-0.6 Liters
Expiratory Reserve Volume
1.25 liters
Vital Capacity
3.5-5.5 Liters
Total Lung Capacity
6 liters
Typical Mask Induction Sequence
Place monitors (sometimes just pulse ox), N2O then add Sevo, gentle mask ventilation until IV placed (patients susceptible to obstruction, laryngospasm & bradycardia during this time), airway placement after IV placed (if no IV MUST have backup plan)
What causes a Laryngospasm**
Mediated by the superior laryngeal nerve in response to irritating glottic or supraglottic stimuli such as presence of food, blood, vomit or airway secretions. Occurs most frequently with light anesthesia upon induction or emergence.
What happens during a laryngospasm**
False cords and epiglottic body come together firmly and allow no air flow and no vocal sound
Laryngospasm treatment***
Forward displacement of jaw, apply positive pressure with 100% oxygen, potentially give succinylcholine (0.1-1mg/kg) and re-intubate, let hypercarbia and hypoxia develop and it may break
Rapid Sequence Induction indications
Full stomach, severe GERD, anticipated difficult mask/intubation
Rapid Sequence Induction steps
Pre oxygenate up to 5 minutes, IV anesthetic, rapid-onset NMBA (succ), cricoid pressure, intubate, release cricoid after confirmation of ETT placement