Airframes, Engines, Propellers, and Aircraft Systems Flashcards
What is Flex Temp?
It is the assumed temperature used to reduce the thrust of a gas turbine engine.
- Used to reduce takeoff thrust to the minimum needed for a safe takeoff
- Allows for less noise and less engine wear
- Flex temp is the highest ambient temperature allowed at which the aircraft could make a safe takeoff at minimum thrust
Higher flex temp = less performance needed due to good conditions, long runway, light aircraft, etc. (saves the engine!)
Which system(s) are used to operate the de-icing boots?
Pneumatic system.
Np represents ___ speed rotation and Ng represents __ speed rotation in a free-turbine type engine.
Propeller RPM and gas generator speed.
Weight shift formula:
Weight to be shifted / Total weight ÷ Δ CG / distance weight is shifted
Which of the following is taken into account by an aircraft’s manufacturer to determine Vmca?
?
In determining whether a turbojet aeroplane used in a commuter operation can be dispatched or a takeoff can be conducted, not more than __% of the reported headwind component or not less than__% of the reported tailwind component shall be taken into account.
50, 150
What is the final assurance of a safe takeoff in case of icing conditions?
Compared to the axial compressor, the centrifugal compressor:
Has a larger frontal area.
In an engine equipped with a turbocharger, the turbocharger compresses the air ___ it is mixed with the fuel. When the outside air is not dense enough, the wastegate valve __, thereby directing exhaust gas to the turbine, which will start to rotate and thus compress the air.
Before, closes.
What is the mechanism that prevents the reversing of a turboprop engine aeroplane during a cruise flight?
The low (or fine) pitch stop system.
System blocks the use of reverse thrust when props are over a certain value, or in flight.
What devices offer electrical protections to an aircraft’s electrical circuits?
- Fuse
- Generator control unit
- Circuit breakers
What causes compressor stalls?
A too high angle of attack to the compressor blades.
What is the basic principle of a turbocharger?
Increases the DENSITY of air that is supplied to the motor therefore increasing power to engine.
In a turbocharged engine, a waste-gate located in the ___ exhausts gas directly in the atmosphere, bypassing the ___.
Exhaust system, turbine wheel.
A flight control system is a system that:
Includes the flight direction and autopilot system.
The torque motor of the gyromagnetic remote indicating compass:
Makes the directional gyroscope to precess. (A SLAVE HSI)
Viscous hydroplanning occurs when:
Aircraft is slow over a thin film of water.
Ground effect is strongest on an aircraft with ___ wings and a ___ wingspan.
LOWER wing and HIGHER wingspan; Arrow has better ground affect than cessna!
To avoid tailplane stalling, you should avoid:
Exceeding tailplane critical angle of attack by abruptly pushing on control column.
Shock waves form near ____ and cause a ____ motion of the plane.
Root, nose down.
When decreasing at a constant CAS, the mach number ______ and the local speed of sound ____.
Decreases (like flight sim) and increases (more air = more crap for sound to move through)
Formula for required bank in rate one turn:
TAS / 10 + 7 kts
TAS/10 + 5 mph
How is the critical altitude in a turbocharger defined?
Wastegate is fully closed & can’t keep the pressure needed for the rated power.
Deice fluid should first me applied to:
Surfaces that can be seen from the cockpit.
What are the differences between TAWS A and B?
A has all the features of TAWS B, but also has terrain awareness display, and a fully autonomous GPWS (ground proximity warning system) system.
What do TAWS A and B both include?
- Premature descent alerts
- Attention alerts
- Indications of imminent contact with ground
What id the difference between TAWS and GPWS?
TAWS builds on GPWS (GPWS is BASIC). TAWS provides the pilots with an earlier warning.
What is V1?
Go no-go speed.
ALSO
Critical engine failure recognition speed
What is V2?
Takeoff safety speed.
What is V2min?
Minimum takeoff safety speed.
What is V3?
Flap retraction speed.
What is V4?
Initial climb speed.
What is Vmo?
Maximum operating speed.
What is a balanced field length?
Where takeoff-go distance and takeoff-stop distance are the same.
What does it mean when controls are in BETA?
When the control pitch is in BETA (a lower power setting than idle), it prevents reverse thrust.
Ho can you prevent dynamic hydroplanning?
- Do not land fast
- Keep your tires inflated
- Use aerodynamic braking
How can you prevent reverted rubber hydroplanning?
- Use light braking to keep maximum weight on your main landing gear
- DO NOT lock up your wheels (reverted rubber = skidding and locking up the tires!)
How can you prevent viscous hydroplanning?
- Do not land fast
- Keep your tired inflated
- Use aerodynamic braking
Reverted rubber hydroplaning occurs when:
Tire locks up, rubber melts, makes water steamy. RUBBER
Dynamic hydroplaning occurs when:
The water lifts your wheels off the surface of the runway. Occurs when a wedge of water builds up in front of your tires and lifts you up.
In BETA range, what controls the prop pitch?
The power lever AND mechanical linkage.
When taxiing a turboprop in BETA mode, the power lever has direct control over:
The propeller PITCH.
What is the purpose of the bleed valve?
To prevent stall of the compressor.
When is it most likely for a compressor stall?
During engine start.
The best way to respond to the needs of one or more hydraulic systems that require different oil flows to work is to:
Operate the VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT hydraulic pump.
What does an EPR reading of 1.0 mean?
There is no net thrust from the engine.
During engine start, the starter turns the:
HIGH PRESSURE SPOOL.
How does the airspeed indicator react to a blocked pitot tube?
Over reads in climb, under reads in descent.
How does the airspeed indicator react to a blocked static port?
Under reads in climb, over reads in descent.
What happens to the air speed indicator if the drain hole and pitot tube are blocked?
Airspeed indicator will go off of static information: under read in climb, over read in descent.
What is the compass lubber line?
The line showing the heading of the aircraft with the compass.
Purpose of a bleed valve:
To help prevent compressor stall.
During BETA, the power lever controlls:
Blade angle AND fuel flow (beta plus power range)
What is the TIT?
Turbine Inlet Temperature
Measurement of temperature before the turbine
What is the ITT?
Interstage Turbine Temperature
Measures the temeprature between the HI/LO pressure compressor.
