Aileen Synthetic biology

Question 1

1. What synthetic biology has liu et al (2022) been developing?

Answer 1

a. synthetic biomaterials such as synthetic extracellular matrix for biofilms with both living and synthetically modified organisms

Question 2

2. What are the Ethical topics I am going to discuss for the synthetic biology ethics section?

Answer 2

a. Cost
b. Exploitation of class
c. Climate change
d. Morals

Question 3

3. What legislation did the house of representatives in the USA pass?

Answer 3

a. To cap the price of insulin ar $35.00

Question 4

4. Who are the three manufacturers of insulin?

Answer 4

a. Eli Lilly
b. Novo Nordisk
c. Sanofi

Question 5

5. The pharmaceutical company_____ increased the price of insulin from ______ to _____ in 2017.

Answer 5

a. Eli Lily

b. £35 to $275 a vial

Question 6

6. How many people a year are driven into poverty because of health care cost>

Answer 6

a. 100 million

Question 7

7. How many people struggle to access healthcare globally, and in what paper was thi reported?

Answer 7

a. Ozawa et al (2019) over two billion people struggle to gain access to adequate healthcare

Question 8

8. In developing countries such as Southeast Asia and south Africa the supplies are limited and may only be a _______reduces the amount of supply and access

Answer 8

a. single distributer

Question 9

9. What is the estimated global usage of insulin?

Answer 9

a. 420 million people worldwide rely on insulin

Question 10

10. How much is the pharmaceutical industry set to make in 2023? Who published these findings?

Answer 10

a. WHO (2021) $1.5 trillion profit predicted for pharmaceuticals in 2023

Question 11

11. What percentage of people who require access to insulin can not access it?

Answer 11

a. 50%

Question 12

12. What percentage of the take home pay of an isulin user is Ghana is taken for insulin cost?

Answer 12

a. 1/5

Question 13

13. What organisation and in what year launched an initiative to try and get the cost of insulin reduced?

Answer 13

a. WHO in 2020

Question 14

14. Who much money are pharmaceutical companies set ot profit in 2023?

Answer 14

a. 1.5 trillion

Question 15

15. In what ways were there ethical issues with the covid 19 vaccine?

Answer 15

a. Western countries got first
b. Twice price for African countries
c. Government funded but they kep IP: and wouldn’t give for smaller countries to make the vaccine

Question 16

16. On average ________ is given to developing countries in aid but they pay back ________ in interest from loans given for aid, who was the author

Answer 16

a. 1.3
b. 3.3
c. John hickel

Question 17

17. Who and in what year statistically analysed the ethics of synthetic biolgy using a ethical matrix?

Answer 17

a. Kevin Smith (2022)

Question 18

18. Kevin smith (2022) used an _______ to analyse synthetic biology.

Answer 18

a. ethical matrix

Question 19

19. What is the moral for and moral against arguments that I have?

Answer 19

a. For: Kevin smith (2022) ethical matrix

b. Aaginst: Grey goo

Question 20

20. What is the grey goo hypothesis?

Answer 20

a. the synthetically engineered microbes could mutate and evolve and be destructive to the planet. E. coli and microorganisms are self-replication, that is their primary function. Human error and oversite when creating. Could affect other unintended self-replicating organisms.

Question 21

21. What percentage of waste is reduced using biocatalysis?

Answer 21

a. 20%