AHPP Chapter 9 - Design Project Delivery Flashcards
What are some characteristics of Design-bid-build?
- Traditional approach
- Linear design sequence, producing CDs for contractors to bid on
- Super common
What is the design-bid-build “negotiated select team” variation?
- Contractor selected early
- Subcontractors selected after CDs
What is the design-bid-build “cost plus fixed fee” variation?
- Contractor selected after CDs, but scope is unpredictable (may be due to unknown existing conditions, etc.)
- C is paid labor/materials/overhead plus a fixed amount fee, so that their fee doesn’t go up with project costs (because then they may purposely make it super expensive)
- May have incentives for under budget
What is a CM-Adviser project delivery?
CM doesn’t build the building but advises the owner on constructability and cost management. (can be used on D-B-B)
What is a CM-Agent project delivery?
CM provides early consulting and organizes the construction team through construction.
What is a CM-Contractor project delivery?
CM plays advisor role during design, transitions to DBB like contractor for construction.
What is a CMc?
Construction Manager as constructor. (Acting as a contractor) AKA CM@Risk
What are some Construction Management services?
- Team meeting leadership
- Action log
- Decision-making process
- Code official review
- Owner purchasing
- Cost control
- Department interface (engineering, telecom, security)
- Documents review
- Presentations
- Design process documents
- Conflicts and disputes
What are Outline Specifications?
Schematic level definition of building components. Material descriptions and quality, proposed products if possible.
What are Performance Specifications?
Actual descriptions of how the selected products need to perform. Very technical.
What are Narrative Specifications?
Describe the work in words rather than drawings. Easily revised. Used for early cost estimate.
What is a Fast Track Schedule?
Method of delivery that allows AE documents to be issued in multiple stages (bid packages)
What is a Contractor-Led Design-Build?
Where a general contracting firm selects an architecture firm to form a design-build team. These make up 56% of D/B projects
When would an owner choose Architect-Led Design-Build?
When design is paramount
If COST is the primary driving factor for a project and RISK is the secondary driver, which project delivery method should be chosen?
Design-bid-Build (Traditional)
- Construction cost determined after design
- One contract
If QUALITY is the primary driving factor for a project and COST is the secondary driver, which project delivery method should be chosen?
Negotiated select team (Traditional)
- Construction cost determined after design
- One contract
If SCOPE is the primary driving factor for a project which project delivery method should be chosen?
Cost plus fixed fee (Traditional)
- Construction cost determined at completion
- One contract
If RISK is the primary driving factor for a project and QUALITY is the secondary driver, which project delivery method should be chosen?
CM-Adviser
*Many contracts
If RISK is the primary driving factor for a project and TIME is the secondary driver, which project delivery method should be chosen?
CM-Agent
- Construction cost determined at completion
- Many contracts
If TIME is the primary driving factor for a project and RISK is the secondary driver, which project delivery method should be chosen?
CM-Constructor
- Construction cost determined after design
- One contract
If RISK is the primary driving factor for a project and COST is the secondary driver, which project delivery method should be chosen?
Standard Design-Build
- Construction cost determined BEFORE design
- One contract
If RISK is the primary driving factor for a project and QUALITY is the secondary driver, which project delivery method should be chosen?
Bridging Design-Build
- Construction cost determined after design
- One contract
What is another term for CM-constructor (CMc)?
CM-at-risk
What is a primary benefit of a CMc arrangement?
The insights that happen between architect and CM during design phases.
When is a budget established for a project?
No later than schematic design
What are some cost-analysis benefits of a CMc arrangement?
- Cost estimates are performed at design milestones
- Subcontractor bids
- Constructor can be estimator
What are some basic CMc services in the preconstruction phase?
- Evaluate program/schedule/budget
- Consult on construction/constructibility/materials & labor
- Prepare project schedule
- Recommend phasing
- Preliminary cost estimates
What is included in the CMc’s GMP proposal?
The sum of the CMc’s estimate of the cost of work, including contingencies and the CM’s fee.
What are some basic CMc services in the construction phase?
- Obtain bids from sub’s
- Make sure the sub’s work matches CDs
- Maintain schedule
- Track cost against GMP
In what areas can a CMc’s constructibility knowledge be helpful?
- Local building conventions
- Building systems
- Site Selection
- Scope Limitations
What are the three types of specifications?
- Outline: schematic, descriptions and quality level
- Performance: how the products perform
- Narrative: products described in words
What major scheduling difference is there between CMc and the traditional approach?
The CMc has responsibility for developing and coordinating the overall project schedule, including during design phases.
What are some CMc strategies used to avoid breaching the GMP?
- Value Engineering (Achieve the design intent at lower cost)
- Cost-Cutting (changes the original design)
What are some benefits of choosing CMc project delivery?
- Up to date cost estimates
- Constructibility advice
- Document review (reduces change orders)
- Advice on packaging multiple bids
- Ability for fast track
Time is the primary driver, risk is the second!
What are some characteristics of IPD project delivery?
- Participation of all project stakeholders early
- Collaboration
- Indemnification from litigation for team
- Shared risk and reward
What are the fundamental characteristics of IPD?
- Mutual Respect and Trust
- Mutual Benefit and Reward
- Risk Identified and Accepted Early
- Collaborative Innovation and Decision Making
- Early Involvement of Key Participants
- Early Goal Definition
- Intensified Planning
- Open Communication
- Appropriate Collaboration Technology
- Organization and Leadership
How is IPD contractually different than a traditional project delivery method?
There is a multi-party agreement, instead of everyone having separate contracts with the owner.
What is the structure like for an IPD team?
There is a core group consisting of Owner/Arch/Contractor, with smaller cluster groupings outside the main group (for specialty consultants or subcontractors, etc.)
What are some benefits of IPD to the owner?
- Predictability
- Reduced Risks
- Improved overall experience
- Greater Flexibility
- Increased owner value (less productivity loss)
What are some benefits of IPD to the Architect?
- Lead collaborative teams
- Lots of communication
- Design the process
- Analyze options until last minute
- Reduce risk while raising profit
- Participate in projects beyond a purely design role
What are some legal issues to worry about with IPD?
- Fluid information sharing
- Unsupportive insurance policies
- Collaborative rather than distinct responsibilities/liabilities
- Inconsistent state licensing laws
What is the most common procurement approach for Design-Build?
Best Value! A two-step process that takes into account a D-B team’s qualifications, proposed technical solution, and proposed price.
What is Design-Build?
A collaboration among design and construction professionals who form one integrated team
responsible to and under one contract with the owner.
What are some of the architects responsibilities in an architect-led Design-Build?
- Bidding, negotiating, and “buying” subcontractor work
- Fiduciary matters related to payment of costs of project
- Dealing with cost overruns
- Coordinating approvals and inspections
- Coordinating turnover of MEP systems to Owner
- Preparing and obtaining lien & insurance certs
- Scheduling & Controlling means & methods of construction
- Providing and monitoring a site safety program
… pretty much all the stuff the contractor usually does.
What are some ways an architect-developer can mitigate risk?
- Get the best resources
- Include contingencies
- Avoid providing personal financial guarantees
- Obtain adequate insurance
- Don’t bite off more project than you can chew
What are some examples of hard costs in a sources and uses budget?
- Furniture, fixtures & equipment
- Final Cleaning and Stabilization
- Construction Contingency
What are some examples of soft costs in a sources and uses budget?
- Architecture & Engineering
- Insurance
- Testing & Inspection
- Interest
