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Conservation of Natural Resources > Agriculture and Soil > Flashcards

Agriculture and Soil Flashcards

1
Q

How many crop species are there worldwide?

A

3000

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2
Q

How many crop species in the U.S.

A

200

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3
Q

AquaCulture

A

Production of food from aquatic habitats

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4
Q

Mariculture

A

Production of food from ocean habitats

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5
Q

Most Genetically Modified Crops are engineered to resist what?

A

Herbicides

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6
Q

What is soil

A

a thin part of earth’s surface that is a layer of mineral and organic matter

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7
Q

Soil produces and stores what?

A

Plant nutrients

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8
Q

What part of earth’s surface is soil in

A

lithosphere

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9
Q

How much inorganic material is in soil

A

45%

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10
Q

What does the inorganic material in soil make up

A

1/2 is small pieces of weathered rock fragments and 1/2 is small particles of minerals

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11
Q

How much organic material is in soil

A

5%

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12
Q

What does the organic material in soil make up

A

living and dead plants and animals and humus

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13
Q

What does humus do?

A

improves soil fertility

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14
Q

What is half the volume of soil

A

pore space

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15
Q

How is soil air different from atmospheric air?

A

1) soil air is always saturated since its surrounded by water
2) soil air is rich in carbon dioxide and poor in oxygen

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16
Q

What are the three functions of soil water

A

1) dissolves all nutrients making them available to plant roots
2) enables chemical reactions
3) Leaching; plant nutrients carried below plant roots

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17
Q

How does most water get into soil

A

By infiltration of precipitation

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18
Q

What is soil erosion

A

natural process initiated by both wind and water

19
Q

Soil Erosion sequence

A

1) Rain erosion
2) sheet erosion
3) rill erosion
4) gully erosion

20
Q

Methods to minimize soil erosion

A

1) Reducing erosion on slopes
2) Use ground cover
3) reducing tillage

21
Q

Methods of reducing erosion on slopes

A

1) crop rotation
2) strip cropping and contour plowing
3) terracing

22
Q

Methods of using ground cover

A

1) intercropping
2) crop residue
3) cover crops
4) mulch

23
Q

Methods of terracing

A

1) minimum till
2) conservative till
3) no till

24
Q

Problems with irrigation?

A

1) poor efficiency
2) over-watering
3) salinization
4) increases erosion
5) depletes aquifiers

25
Q

Irrigation techniques

A

1) FLOOD THE FIELD
2) Sprinklers
3) Drip/Trickle irrigation

26
Q

What is the worst irrigation technique?

A

Flood the field

27
Q

What is the best irrigation technique

A

Drip/Trickle irrigation

28
Q

What is an ineffective irrigation technique

A

Sprinklers

29
Q

Two ways to keep soil fertile

A

Inorganic fertilizer

Organic fertilizer

30
Q

Inorganic fertilizer

A

synthetically manufactured mineral supplements

31
Q

Organic fertilizer

A

made of natural materials

32
Q

What are the three most important plant nutrients

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium

33
Q

What are the benefits of pesticides

A

1) Increases food production

2) decrease of disease caused by insects

34
Q

What are the problems of pesticides

A

1) pests often develop a resistance to pesticides
2) runoff carrying pesticides contaminates water supplies
3) Poisonous to humans

35
Q

How much do herbicides make up of weeds

A

55%

36
Q

Benefits of herbacides

A

reduce cultivation costs and increase crop yields

37
Q

Detriments of herbacides

A

create bare fields, resulting in high erosion

38
Q

How much insectides are in bugs

A

25%

39
Q

detriment of insecticides

A

more toxic to humans than herbicides

40
Q

How much fungicides are used for fungus

A

15%

41
Q

Benefits of fungicides

A

protects from fungal disease

42
Q

What is the major use of fungicides

A

to prevent spoilage in fresh fruits and vegetables

43
Q

How many fungicide pesticides were listed by EPA as the biggest human health problems

A

7/10

Conservation of Natural Resources (5 decks)

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