Agriculture And Industry

Question 1

What factors inhibited agricultural development?

Answer 1

• High taxes.
• Grain requisitions.
• Redemption payments.
• Traditional farming practices and lack of farming technology.

Question 2

Was agriculture profitable after emancipation?

Answer 2

• Yields remained low compared to Western Europe.
• The Peasant and Noble Land Banks largely increased peoples debt without encouraging growth.

Question 3

How did the amount of land owned by peasants change between 1877 and 1905?

Answer 3

• 6 million to 21.6 million hectares.

Question 4

Who were the Kulaks? What percentage of the peasant population were they?

Answer 4

• Land-owning peasants who made more money than others and could afford to hire other peasants. Less than 1%.

Question 5

Who relinquished the control of the Mir on tax collection? When?

Answer 5

• Stolypin in 1903.

Question 6

What did Stolpyin do with large amounts of state and crown owned land?

Answer 6

• Made it available for private purchase by peasants.

Question 7

How did Stolypin encourage the migration of peasants to unpopulated and highly fertile land in Siberia? How many people moved?

Answer 7

• Offered subsidies.
• 3.5 million people moved by 1915.
• It became a hub for dairy and cereal production.

Question 8

In what ways did Stolypin allow for the modernisation of agricultural techniques? What was the aim of this?

Answer 8

• He allowed peasants to remove their land from collectivised strip farming, divide their land how they pleased, or just leave the Mir entirely.
• He hoped to. Stimulate free market trade and encourage peasants to use more efficient and productive methods to increase their personal wealth and the country’s productivity.

Question 9

By how much did grain exports increase annually between 1883 and 1914?

Answer 9

• 2.1%.

Question 10

What had Russia become a leading exporter in by 1909?

Answer 10

• Cereals.

Question 11

How did Russia’s total grain exports increase from 1900 to 1914?

Answer 11

• 56 million tons to 90 million tons.

Question 12

How did noble land ownership change between 1861 and 1905?

Answer 12

• 80% to 40% of land owned by nobles.

Question 13

How did peasant land ownership increase between 1905 - 1915?

Answer 13

• 20% to 50%.

Question 14

How many years did Stolypin say he needed to fully implement his reforms? How many years into his role was he assassinated?

Answer 14

• 20 years of peace.
• Assassinated 5 years after this claim.

Question 15

What percentage of peasants made the transition away from communal farming towards private ownership?

Answer 15

• 10%.

Question 16

How many professionals were there by 1914?

Answer 16

• 1,000,000.

Question 17

When was Stolypin killed?

Answer 17

• 1911.