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RICS APC 2022 > Agriculture > Flashcards

Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

What regulations needs to be adhered to if you want to plough a field of Permanent Pasture?

A
  • If it’s been grass under 15 years and had regular “agricultural” practices such as fertiliser, muck topping, and lime applied then you can plough.
  • Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations
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2
Q

What are the typical arable operations/cultivations for Winter Wheat?

A
  • Plough
  • Harrow
  • Drill
  • Harrow
  • Roll
  • Pre-emergent spray
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3
Q

What are the tagging requirements for sheep?

A
  • Sheep for slaughter (12 months and under) = single ear tag that shows your flock number.
  • Sheep 1 yr + = 2 ear tags that displays individual identification number and your flock number.
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4
Q

What is the English Roadmap for Agriculture?

A
  • 1st January 2021 – end of 2027 (Agricultural Transition Period).
  • Reduction in BPS from 2021 – 2024 = 5% (2021) 20% (2022) 35% (2023) 50% (2024) – Up to £30,000
  • Up to Sept 2022 to apply for Lump Sum Payment (based on av BPS 2019 - 2021) Multiplied by 2.35 (capped at £99,875).
  • Delinking from 2024 – 2027 (based on reference amount – av from 2020/2021/2022 BPS).
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5
Q

How often does TB testing need to be carried out in Wales?

A
  • Whole herd testing annually (unless in a high risk area - every 6 months)
  • Within 60 days prior to movement.
  • Read within 72 hours.
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6
Q

How much WW seed per ha?

A

175 kg per ha

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7
Q

How much were entitlements trading for this year?

A

Welsh = £60-80/unit
SDA = £180-£200/unit
Non SDA = £180/unit

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8
Q

What is Share Farming?

A
  • Joint venture
  • Farm a certain area of land whilst remaining 2 separate businesses.
  • Owner does not receive rent for the land.
  • Operator does not get paid for their time.
  • Each farmer registered for VAT & claim separately.
  • Party invoices other party for their share of the costs.
  • Pre-agreed profit shares.
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9
Q

What do you think are the current challenges facing agricultural enterprises in your area?

A
  • Loss of Basic Payment
  • Attempts to replace that subsidy (diversification)
  • NVz = Storage and spreading requirements (Manure & slurry)
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10
Q

What is a Grazing Livestock Unit?

A

A way of comparing the nutritional requirements of grazing animals.

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11
Q

What do the Water Resources (Control of Agricultural Pollution) (Wales) Regulations 2021 cover?

A
  • good practice requirements for nutrient management.
  • standards for storage of silage effluent and slurry.
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12
Q

What information does a Cattle passport state?

A
  • DOB
  • Sex
  • Breed
  • Ear tag of Dam
  • Official Ear Tag number
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13
Q

What is Milk Quota?

A
  • Purpose was to bring rising milk production under control.
  • Milk quotas were attached to land holdings and capped the amount of milk a farmer could sell every year without paying a levy.
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14
Q

What are the requirements of the Water Resources (Agricultural Pollution (Wales) Regulations 2021?

A
  • Notifying NRW of the construction of any new silo or slurry store.
  • Closed periods for spreading manufactured nitrogen fertiliser (15th Sept-15th Jan) and manures.
  • 6 months storage capacity (pigs & poultry) 5 months storage capacity (beef and sheep) from 1st August 2024
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15
Q

What permission do you need to remove a Hedgerow?

A

A Hedgerow Removal Notice

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16
Q

What is the price of Store steers/heifers?

A

Store Steers = 270ppk
Heifers = 250ppk

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17
Q

What are the expected BPS Payment Rates for 2022?

A

SDA = £185
Non SDA = £186
Welsh = £120 (plus redistributive payment)

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18
Q

What are the standard arable operations and timings for a Winter Wheat Crop?

A

September = Ploughing
October = Cultivations & Drilling
November = Weed control
March/April = Fertiliser top dressing
April = Weed Control
May = Weed & Disease Control
June = Disease Control
August = Harvest (Combine & Bale)

19
Q

How would you describe the current economic state of agriculture?

A
  • Uncertain and challenging
  • Phasing out of BPS – Introducing new schemes (Public Money for Public Goods)
  • Consumer habits are changing (Vegans/vegetarians)
  • Greater emphasis on biodiversity and sustainability
  • Increasing red tape and legislation
20
Q

What does your client undertaking the pilot SFI, think of the scheme?

A
  • Poor payment rates
  • More flexible than existing schemes (CS)
  • Payment made quarterly which aids cashflow
  • little opportunity for feedback considering “pilot scheme”
21
Q

What is ELMS?

A
  • Environmental Land Management Scheme
  • Sustainable Farming Incentive
  • Local Nature Recovery
  • Landscape Recovery
22
Q

Under Mid-Tier, what are the payment rates for the following options;
GS2 - Low input Grassland (Outside SDA)
FG2 - Sheep netting
GS5 - Low input Grassland (in SDAs)
BN11 - Hegde Planting
SW7 - Arable Reversion

A

GS2 - £132/ha
FG2 - £4.90/m
GS5 - £71/ha (was £16)
BN11 - £11.60/m
SW7 - £321/ha

23
Q

Give me an example Gross Margin for an Arable Enterprise?

A

Output @ £242/t (3.5t/ac)

Variable Costs;
Seed
Fert
Spray
Total Variable Costs

Gross Margin (Output - Total Variable Costs)

24
Q

What IHT relief would be available for a tourism development?

A
  • Providing the tourism activity forms part of a larger trading activity (such as farming), BPR may be available instead of APR.
  • Diversification projects may qualify for BPR however, the land must be used for ‘trading’ rather than ‘investment’ purposes.
  • Tax treatment of the tourism development must be considered ‘in the round’.
  • Looked at on a case by case basis!
25
Q

How do you report and record the movement of cattle?

A
  • BCMS (British Cattle Movement Service)
  • All movements must be recorded on each cattle passport:
    before the animal leaves the holding (for off movements) and
    within 36 hours of the animal’s arrival on the holding (for on movements).
  • Cattle must have official tags (2 - primary & secondary), valid passport & no standstills or other movement restrictions in force.
26
Q

What is the GLU of a Cow?

A
  • Beef cow (excluding calf) - 0.75
  • In-calf Heifer - 0.80
27
Q

What is Contract Farming?

A
  • Joint venture
  • Farmer provides land, buildings and claims subsidies.
  • Contractor provides labour, machinery & power.
  • Day-to-day decisions with farmer (Farmer eligible for APR)
  • Farmer should set up an Bank Account, pay for all inputs and receive all income.
  • Contractor receives a fixed payment per ha (known as a contractors charge) in return for labour & machinery.
  • After the sale of the crop, farmer gets a fixed payment & any remainder is divided between contractor and farmer, depending on their agreed formula.
  • Must be an element of risk for the farmer!
28
Q

What advice would you give a client regarding spraying near water courses?

A
  • assess the possible environmental effects to identify which precautions you should take to protect wildlife and the environment.
  • Under the GAEC Rules, you must not cultivate, apply fertilisers or pesticides to land within 2 meters of a water course.
  • In Wales, an agreement is needed with NRW if using herbicides within 5m of a watercourse or a designated site (SSSI).
29
Q

What is a typical crop rotation for your area?

A
  • Predominately permanent pasture, however an example of a arable crop rotation is;

Winter Wheat
- Winter Wheat
- OSR
- Winter Wheat
- Winter Wheat
- Beans
(Rotation would be based upon weeds, diseases, location and market!)

30
Q

What is the Young Farmer Payment?

A

Wales = 18 - 40 years. Can apply for a top up payment. 25% of entitlement value capped at 25 ha.
England = 18 - 40 years. Can apply for a top up payment. 17.5% of entitlement value capped at 90 ha.

31
Q

What legislation relates to Animal Welfare?

A
  • Animal Welfare Act 2006
  • Welfare of Farmed Animal Regulations 2007
32
Q

What is the price of Wheat?

A

Feed Wheat =
Milling Wheat =

33
Q

What legislation governs NVZ’s in Wales?

A
  • Water Resources (Control of Agricultural Pollution) (Wales) Regulations 2021
34
Q

What is the maximum amount of nitrogen you can apply on your holding in each calendar year in an NVZ?

A

170kg per hectare of nitrogen in livestock manure

35
Q

How do you report and record the movement of sheep?

A
  • EID Cymru (Electronic Identification)
  • All sheep movements need to be recorded within 3 days (72 hours).
  • AML1 is a legal document that must be completed each
    time sheep move between different holdings (and retained for flock records)
  • Farmers required to record individual tag numbers of sheep on AML1 Form (Animal Movement Licence document).
36
Q

What is the price of Milk? (ppl)

A

40 pence per litre

37
Q

What do you understand by the “Farming Rules for Water?”

A
  • The Reduction & Prevention of Agricultural Diffuse Pollution (England) Regulations 2018.
  • Introduced to reduce and prevent diffuse water pollution from agricultural sources.
  • Covers applying & storing fertilisers and management of soil and livestock.
38
Q

What do you understand about land classification systems?

A
  • uses a grading system to enable you to assess and compare the quality of agricultural land in England and Wales.
  • Grade 1 - 5 with 1 being the highest and 5 being the lowest.
39
Q

What are the ownership conditions for APR?

A
  • Occupied the property for the purposes of Agricultural 2 years prior.
  • Owned the property for 7 years.
  • 50% AHA
  • 100% FBT & Grazing licences
40
Q

What is the GLU (Grazing livestock unit) of a Sheep?

A
  • Hill ewes = 0.06
41
Q

Give me an example Gross Margin for a livestock Enterprise?

A

Upland Ewe
Output
Lamb - £124
Wool - 0.28p
Less depreciation of ewe & ram - £23
Output = £101

Variable Costs
Concentrates - £17
Vet & Med - £10
Miscellaneous - £14
Total Variable Costs = £41

Gross Margin (Output - Total Variable Costs) - £60 per ewe (excluding forage)

42
Q

What are the key points of the Agricultural Act 2020?

A

Establish a new agricultural system, based on the principle of public money for public goods. Key areas include;
A - Animal Welfare
B - BPS
C - Chlorinated chicken
D - Delinking payments
E - Elms
F - Food security
G - Greater Transparency

43
Q

What is the average yield and GLU of a Dairy Cow?

A

8,000 litres per annum.
1.00 GLU.

RICS APC 2022 (17 decks)

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