Agnathans and fish Flashcards

1
Q

what are some characteristics of the subphylum vertebrata

A

1) cranium to protect brain
2) vertebral column
3) tripartite brain

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2
Q

what is the name of the jawless fish vs jawed fish

A

agnatha = jawless

gnathostomata = jawed

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3
Q

what are the classes of the agnathous

A

1) myxini
2) pteraspidomorphi
3) petromyzontida

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4
Q

which class of agnathous is extinct

A

pteraspidomorphi

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5
Q

what are some features the agnatha

A
  • no jaw
  • true teeth are absent
  • paired fins are absent
  • single nostril
  • scaleless
  • cartilage skeleton
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6
Q

what are some characteristics of hagfish (myxini)

A
  • elongated eel-like bodies
  • marine deep water
  • produce large amount of slime
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7
Q

what are some characteristics of the class petromyzontida

A
  • fresh and saltwater
  • tooth funnel- like sucking mouth
  • larvae called ammocoetes
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8
Q

what are some characteristics of gnathostomes

A
  • jaw
  • teeth
  • paired appendages
  • modification to ear
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9
Q

what is a heterocercal tail

A

when the upper lobe of the tail is larger than the lower lobe

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10
Q

how do shark and rays identify pray

A

large olfactory organs
- mechanoreceptors in the lateral line sense low frequency vibrations from far away then vision at close range

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11
Q

what are some characteristics of chondrichthyes fertalisation

A

have internal fertilization

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12
Q

what are ovoviviparous species

A

when the embryo is retained in the uterus nourished by yolk = no placenta

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13
Q

what ate viviparous species

A

when the embryo receives nourishment through a placenta

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14
Q

what are the three subclasses of actinopterygii

A

1) chondrosteans
2) neopterygians
3) teleosts

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15
Q

what is the name of the muscles which are used by fish for locomotion

A

myomeres

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16
Q

what are the 5 types of locomotion in fishes based on their body movements

A

1) anguilliform
2) sub-carangiform
3) carangiform
4) thunniform
5) ostraciiform

17
Q

what is the difference between anguilliform and ostraciiform fish

A

1) the whole body moves in a sinusoidal wave

2) only the tail fin itself moves whilst the body remains still

18
Q

how do more primitive fish remain buoyant

A

a pneymatic duct which connects to the swim bladder and esophagus

19
Q

what are catadromous fish

A

enter the ocean as adults migrating from fresh water to their spwaning area where they die before larvae make way back to streams

20
Q

what are anadromous fish

A

fish which spend their lives only in the ocean and return to fresh water to spawn