aging theories Flashcards
aging theories
combined
program
damage
Programmed theories
imply that aging follows a biological timetable
Damage or error theory
emphasize environmental assaults to living organisms
non programmed aging
theories based on evolutionary concepts where aging is
considered the result of an organism’s inability to better combat natural deteriorative processes
programmed aging
Result of biological mechanism or program that purposely causes or allows deterioration and death
The Theory of Aging and Oxidative Stress
*It refers to the functional loss that occurs due to the irreversible and progressive increase of molecular oxidative damage.
*Oxidative damage may be inadequately repaired or eliminated.
Factors Playing a Role in The Theory of Aging and Oxidative Stress
- Increase in the amount of oxidative stress with age
- Increase in the amount of free radical formation
- Decrease in antioxidant defenses
- Reduction in removal or repair of damaged molecules
The Mitochondrial Theory Of Aging
free radicals produced by mitochondrial activity damage cellular components, leading to aging.
Major chronic diseases in which free oxygen radicals play
a role in physiology and pathophysiology
*Cardiological diseases
*Neurological diseases
*Asthma
*Diabetes mellitus
*Rheumatoid arthritis
*Cancer
*Other diseases in old age
Somatic Mutation Theory
*It refers to the accumulation of mutation in the genetic material of somatic cells that occurs during cell division when the DNA nucleotides that carry their hereditary codes are mismatched or lost. results in a decrease in cellular function
genetic theory
It is the theory of aging that tries to explain the functioning of the aging process with the hereditary characteristics of the living thing.
*Longevity genes
are specific genes that help a person
live longer.
*Cell senescence
the process by which cells deteriorate over time.
Immune Mechanism Theory
It expresses the aging that occurs in parallel with the loss of performance and competence of the structures that make up the immune system with aging
antioxidants
*defense systems that detoxify free radicals in cells.
*It protects the organism against oxidative changes.
A high antioxidant defense system can slow down physiological damage and aging.
important antioxidants
*Vitamin E
*Vitamin C
*Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
*Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase
(GSH- Px) enzymes and cysteine
*Uric acid
*Glutathione
The Most Important Problems Encountered in Old Age
- Increased inactivity
- Balance problems
- Cognitive problems
- Comorbid diseases
- Urine-stool problems
- Insomnia
- Difficulties in diagnosis
- Complications related to treatment
- Family support and participation
Most common causes of mortality in the geriatric
population
*Heart diseases (44%)
*Malignant tumors (19%)
*Cerebrovascular diseases (12%)
*Accidents
*Chronic obstructive pulmonary
diseases
* Pneumonias and ınfluenza
*Diabetes
*Cirrhosis
*Atherosclerosis
Risky Groups in the Geriatric Population
*Very old group (85 years and older)
* Those with a chronic illness
*Alone / Childless elderly
* People living in nursing homes
*Isolated (alone or in pairs)
* Those who need care and cannot carry on their
daily activities independently
*Receiving little or no support from social
institutions
risk factors in geriatric population
*Frequent falls and injuries due to disease burden and
disability
*Non-communicable diseases
*Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer,
*Chronic respiratory diseases and mental disorders
*Psychological problems
*Falls and loss of mobility
*Need for long-term care
*Inadequate risk management
*Unsuitable environment
Physiotherapy Approaches in Geriatric Individuals
- Protective approaches
*In-hospital approaches (intensive care and/or service) - Providing palliative care
*Discharge recommendations - Training on auxiliary equipment and its uses
*Caregiver / family education - Environmental regulations
*Remote monitoring / telerehabilitation applications
