Aggression- Social= frustration- aggression hypothesis

Question 1

who proposed the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis (F-A Hypothesis)

Answer 1

Dollard 1939
suggesting aggression is Always a consequence of frustration

Question 2

what are the two situations that cause frustration - one causes Aggression more than the other

Answer 2

justified situations
unjustified situation (cause aggression)

Question 3

who suggested that only unjustified frustration may lead to aggression

Answer 3

Pastore 1952

Question 4

what is the F-A hypothesis based on

Answer 4

Psychodynamic concept of catharsis

Question 5

what are the 3 causes that the hypothesis suggests - due to the fact it recognises that Aggression is not always expressed directly against the source of frustration

Answer 5

1. cause is abstract (economic situ)
2. Cause may be too powerful and there is a risk of being Aggression back at it
3. cause may be unavailable at the time

Question 6

what do the three causes, lead to

Answer 6

our Aggression being displaced onto an alternative one (younger sibling)

Question 7

name the researcher who developed a revised hypothesis in 1989 from dollard’s research

Answer 7

Berkowitz - revised the frustration- aggression hypothesis

• argues frustration is only one type of unpleasant experiences
  that leads to Aggression
• these unpleasant experiences lead to the ‘negative effect’ on a person and creates uncomfortable feelings
• these feelings he argues is what triggers aggression

Question 8

what did Bertowitz use an example

Answer 8

eg. things that interfere with a goal that isn anticipated to achieve BUT instead there was an aversive experience

Question 9

what are the 2 criticisms of the theory

Answer 9

1. Harris suggested that frustration is high when
   - a goal is near but you’re prevented from it
   - the interruption is unexpected
   -the interruption is unjustified
2. times where you have been aggressive but not out of frustration
   - following orders
   - learning of aggression
   this criticism led to Bertowitz proposing his negative affect hypothesis, through modifying Dollard’s og hypothesis

Question 10

strength of F-A hypothesis

Answer 10

P- real life application
E- eg. Priks 2010
E- teams don’t play to fans expectations so fans more likely to fight opposing fans
L- therefore, applys to real life situ whic supports the theory and shows what happens as a result of build up of negative effect

Question 11

weakness of F-A Hypothesis

Answer 11

P- not all aggression arises from frustration
E- research support eg. Bertowitz suggests other stimuli including temp, pain are the unpleasant experiences which lead to the negative affect which are feelings that result in aggression
E- eg. baseball as temp increases the pitchers get more aggression to the batters
L- Provides support for Bertowitz revised theory which critics the og theory that doesn’t consider other factors

Question 12

weakness to F-A Hypothesis

Answer 12

P- lack of research support on central predictions that Dollard suggested
E- eg. Bushman 2002 found contradicting research for the claims on the concept of catharsis reduces aggression
E- findings suggest releasing aggressive behaviour encourages it in the future due to it keeping the brain active
L- therefore, Bushman’s findings contradict directly to Dollards claims on catharsis

Question 13

weakness of F-A Hypothesis

Answer 13

P- This hypothesis isn’t enough supporting evidence on its own
E- Research by Bertowitz suggests frustration causes anger, but only if an environmental stimulus is present
E- eg. missing a goal attmept, but only aggressive after a person shouts at you saying it was a bad shot
L- Therefore, adding the importance of environmental cues tot he hypothesis, which does increase it’s validity