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Indivdual > Aggression and Antisocial Behaviour > Flashcards

Aggression and Antisocial Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Tradeoff: Military action an effective way to fight terrorism?

A

Effective in short-term but long-term creates a new pool of territories

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2
Q

Aggression

A

It is intentional, and the intent is to harm that the victim wants to avoid harm

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3
Q

Different forms of aggression

A 
Displaced aggression
Direct aggression
Indirect aggression
Hostile aggression
Instrumental aggression
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4
Q

Displaced aggression

A

Any behaviour that intentionally harms a substitute target rather than the provocateur

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5
Q

Direct aggression

A

Any behaviour that intentionally harms another person who is physically present

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6
Q

Indirect aggression

A

Any behaviour that intentionally harms another person who is absent

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7
Q

Hostile aggression

A

Hot, impulsive, angry behaviour motivated by desire to harm someone

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8
Q

Instrumental aggression

A

Cold, calculated harmful behaviour that is a means to some practical or material end

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9
Q

Violence

A

Aggressive that has as its goal extreme physical harm such as injury or death

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10
Q

Antisocial behaviour

A

Behaviour that either damages interpersonal relationships or is cultural culturally undesirable

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11
Q

Is aggression innate or learned?

A

Instinct theories
Learning theorists
Nature and nurture

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12
Q

Instinct theories

A

Darwin: evolutionary adaptation, to survive
Freud: human motivational forces, such as sex
- Eros
- Thanatos

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13
Q

Instinct

A

An innate tendency to seek a particular goal

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14
Q

Eros

A

The drive for sensory and sexual gratification

Constructive life-giving instinct

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15
Q

Thanatos

A

Destructive, death instinct

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16
Q

Learning theories

A

Learned behaviour through modelling

Bandura’s Bobo doll study: child who watched aggressive adult model, had the highest level of aggression

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17
Q

Modelling

A

Observing and copying or imitating the behaviour of others

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18
Q

In animals

A

Kitten and rats raised together are not likely to kill each other
Kitten raised with killing mother, the most likely to kill rats
This shows model does influence aggression acts

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19
Q

Nature and nurture

A

Learning and instinct both play a role in aggression

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20
Q

Inner causes of aggression

A 
Frustration
Being in a bed mood
Hostile cognition bias
Age and aggression 
Gender and aggression
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21
Q

Frustration

A

Blockage of or interference with a personal goal 受挫
Aggression can occur without frustration and frustration not always instigate aggression
When the interference is closer to the goal, the greater frustration
Aggression is increased by frustration

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22
Q

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

Proposal that “the occurrence of aggressive behaviour always presupposes the existence of frustration”, and always leads to some form of aggression

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23
Q

Being a bad mood

A

Bad mood doesn’t necessarily leads to aggression
If one believes aggression will reduce anger, they will behave more aggressively
Excitation transfer may increase aggression, and something else can transfer to aggression

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24
Q

Zillmann et. al. (1972)

A

Arousal from physical exercise transferred to a provocation and increased aggression

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25
Q

Hostile attribution bias

A

The tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as aggressive

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26
Q

Two other related biases

A

Hostile perception bias

Hostile expectation bias

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27
Q

Hostile perception bias

A

The tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive

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28
Q

Hostile expectation bias

A

The tendency to assume the people who react to potential conflicts with aggression

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29
Q

Aggressive people have innate biases that make them…

A

Expect others to react aggressively
View ambiguous acts as aggressive
Assume that when someone does something to hurt or offend them

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30
Q

Age and aggression

A

The biological impulses to behave aggressively only emerge around puberty
Tremblay: very young children are in fact the most aggressive human being on earth. 25% of toddlers of interaction in day care involve physical aggression

31
Q

Gender and aggression

A

Male: fight or flight syndrome
Female: tend and befriend syndrome
Verbal aggression is about the same for girls and boys
Females are much more likely to engage in relational aggression

32
Q

Fight or flight syndrome

A

A response to stress that involves aggression get against others or running away

33
Q

Tend and befriend syndrome

A

Response to stress that involves nurturing and making friendship

36
Q

Relational aggression

A

Behaviour that involves intentionally harming another person’s social relationship, feelings of acceptance

37
Q

Bullying

A

Persistent aggression by the perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim

38
Q

Key feature of bullying over other acts of aggression is…

A

Persistent nature which the bully repeatedly picked on the victim

39
Q

Cyberbullying

A

The use of the Internet to bully others

40
Q

Interpersonal causes of aggression

A

Selfishness and influence
Sexual aggression (social side of sex)
Domestic and relationship violent

41
Q

Selfishness and influence

A

Aggression: means to resolve social dispute, A form of social influence

42
Q

Factor that encourage use of aggression

A

More you want the reward
Believe you will be successful
Unconcerned with morality or risk

43
Q

Domestic violence

A

Violence that occur within the home or family, between people who have a close relationship with each other

44
Q

Report domestic violence

A

Mainly women

Men are also the victim, although often underreported

45
Q

Domestic violence among gender

A

Women attack their relationship partners slightly more often than men do
Children are especially at risk because they can’t flight back (physically weak)

46
Q

Domestic violence is not a recent phenomenon…

A

It has a long history

47
Q

Sexual aggression

A

Most cultures recognise the problem that some men force women to have sex against their will, but the opposite problem has be ignored
Male coercion of females is generally considered to be the most serious social problem

48
Q

Sexual coercion is often defined broadly…

A

The consequences for victim depend on the definition of rape among the society

49
Q

Profile of sexually coercive men differs from traditional stereotype that men are lack of social skills and couldn’t get sex via persuasion

A

In fact, they generally have other sex partners, they may devalue women

50
Q

Weapons effect

A

The increase in aggression that occurred as a result of the mere presence of a weapon

51
Q

Weapon effect: Turner (1975) horn honking

A

Two (rifle and vengeance bumper sticker), one (rifle and friend bumper sticker), no aggression cues ( no rifle no sticker)
The more aggressive cues the motorists saw, the more likely they were to honk
Findings brought up the duplex mind that aggression cues activated aggression automatically, unconsciously

52
Q

Mass media

A

Violent media exposure increase aggression

53
Q

Mass media: Bushman & Gibson (2011) violent video game

A

The exposure to violent media causes people to behave more aggressively immediately afterwards

54
Q

Mass media: Huesmann et al. (2003) longitudinal relations between childhood exposure to media violence and adult aggression and violence

A

Violent media effects persist overtime
Participants who were heavy viewers of violent tv shows in young age were most likely to have criminal behaviour in later life
Also more likely to abuse their partners

55
Q

Unpleasant environment

A

Hot temperatures are associated with aggression and violence (Think off effects of global warming)
Loud noises, especially when its is uncontrollable
Air pollution, secondhand smoke
Crowding

56
Q

Chemical influences

A

Testosterone
Serotonin: low levels linked to aggression
Alcohol

57
Q

How alcohol influences aggression? (5)

A 
Reduces inhibitions
Narrowing effect on attention: focus attention only on the most salient features
Decrease self awareness
Disrupt executive functions
People except it to
58
Q

Is there a link between diet and violence?

A

Junk food increase violence: skipping junk food led to 47% reduction in violence acts
Vitamin supplements reduces antisocial behaviour

59
Q

Self and culture

A

Norms and values: Running amok
Self-control
Wounded pride
Culture of honour

60
Q

Running amok

A

According to Malaysian culture, refers to behaviour of a young man who becomes uncontrollably violent after receiving a blow to his ego

61
Q

Running amok reveals…

A

Influence of culture: accepted by one culture and prohibited by another
Promote violent without placing a positive value on it
When people believe that aggression is beyond control they often mistaken

62
Q

Poor self control

A

Important cause of crime

A predator of violent crime

63
Q

Wounded prides

A

Violent individuals typically think they are better than others
Have the trait of narcissism
-thinking oneself special, have low empathy

64
Q

Narcissistic personality inventory is a self report scale that measure narcissism…

A

High score and a blow to ego will leads to aggression

Most aggression is the result of some type of provocation

65
Q

Culture of honour

A

A society that places high-value on individual respect, strength, and accept and justifies violent action in response to threat to one’s honour

66
Q

Humiliation

A

A state of disgrace or loss of self-respect or of respect from others
Primary cause of violence and aggression in cultures of honour

67
Q

Southern US has culture of honour

A

Violent response to threats to one honour

Higher levels of violent

68
Q

Other antisocial behaviour (5)

A

Cheating
Stealing
Littering

69
Q

Cheating

A

Self-control is important predictor of cheating

70
Q

Stealing

A

People in deindividuated state more likely to steal
Diener et al. (1976): children were most likely to steal candy when they were not identifiable and when they were in a group

71
Q

Deindividuation

A

A sense of anonymity and loss of individuality, as in a large group, making people especially likely to engage in antisocial behaviours such as theft

72
Q

Littering

A

When it seems everybody else is littering, people are more likely to litter too
Reduce littering through antilittering norms

73
Q

Injunction norms

A

Norms that specify what most other approve or disapprove of

74
Q

Descriptive norms

A

Norms that specify what most people do

75
Q

What makes us humans?

A

In some ways human are more aggressive than other animals
Only humans kill for ideas
Human culture is unique in attempts to restrain aggression
Culture creates new opportunity for antisocial behaviour

Indivdual (5 decks)

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