Aggression Flashcards
Hostile aggression
- aimed soley at hurting someone
- motivated by the need to express negative feelings such as anger
Instrumental aggression
- used as a means to an end- may be self-defense or to attain something
- often planned and not impulsive
Positive aggression
-combating prejudice, self-defence
Pathological aggression
- violence for the sake of being violent
- may be associated with pathological personality
Overt aggression
- readily observable
- either reactive and impulsive or proactive planned aggression
Covert aggression
- more sublet- telling lies, spreading rumours
- often seen in girls
Hydraulic or build up models
- psychoanalysis theory
- evolutionary theory
- Territorial imperative
- Ritualisation
Psychoanalysis theory
-human aggression is due to the death instinct Thanatos. An instinctive biological destructive urge builds up in everyone and must at some point be released
Evolutionary theory
-through the process of natural selection, aggression ensures survival of the aggressors genes passing down the generations
territorial imperative
-aggression in relation to territory maintenance in animals- Lorenz
Ritualisation
- refers to a series of sterotyped fight scenes carried out by animals without actual physical harm to both the victor and the vanquished
- appeasement rituals or gestures form a part of such ritualisations in which certain behaviours can reduce aggression expression
Non-hydraulic models
- these models refuse the notion of ‘building up’ and ‘release’
- genetic theory
- social learning theory
- frustration-aggression hypothesis
- aggression-cue theory
- transferred excitation
- Festingers deindividuation theory
Genetic theory
- aggression may be inherited
- Baron and Richardson
Social learning theory
- Bandura’s Bobo doll experiement
- children learn aggression through observation
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
- Dollard
- frustration always results in aggression and aggression will not occur unless a person is frustrated
