AGGRESSION

Question 1

FUSTRATION-AGGRESSION: RS

Answer 1

Marcus-Newhall (2000)
Meta-analysis (49) studies of displaced aggression
showed aggression is displaced against more weaker targets

Question 2

FUSTRATION-AGGRESSION: ROLE OF CATHARSIS

Answer 2

Limitation
Bushman (2002)
People who hit a punching bag became more aggressive not less, doing nothing reduced aggression more than venting (punching the bag)

Question 3

FUSTRATION-AGGRESSION: LINK

Answer 3

Limitation
Frustration does not always lead to aggression, aggression can occur without frustration (not automatic) - applies to some situations not all
— BERKOWITZ (1989) negative affect theory, aggression caused by a range of negative feelings. Aggressive beh triggered by negative feelings in general which affect frustration leads to many beh.

Question 4

UNIVERAL EVALUATION FOR SOCIAL EXPLANATIONS - CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Answer 4

• aggression is viewed differently in a variety of cultures
• Kun San of Kalahari desert people discourage + frown up aggressive Beh.

Question 5

UNIVERAL EVALUATION FOR SOCIAL EXPLANATIONS - ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATION

Answer 5

The social psychological explanations only looks at aggression from a social
learning/psychodynamic perspective.
It does not take into account other explanations such as biological viewpoints.

Question 6

DE-INDIVIDUATION — REAL LIFE APPLICATION

Answer 6

This can explain aggressive behaviour in online gaming
services such as Xbox Live, or on social media such as
instagram, facebook etc. You are able to hide your identity
by creating a handle ‘Misty231’. The internet allows people
to be anonymous and there is a presence of a crowd ‘world
wide audience’

Question 7

DE-INDIVIDUATION — RESEARCH SUPPORT

Answer 7

Douglas (2001) strong positive correlation between anonymity + flaming posting hostile messages. Common troll beh
—- Gergen (1973) strangers in a darkened room were not aggressive but became intimate (kissed/touched) repeated = no violence/agg

Question 8

DE-INDIVIDUATION — LIMITATION- ROLE OF NORMS

Answer 8

SIDE model, de-individualisation leads to conformity to group norms rather than ignore them (Spears + Lea)

Question 9

DISPOSITIONAL EXPLANATION - RS INTO IMPORTATION MODEL

Answer 9

DeLisi et al (2011) found that inmates who had negative dispositional features such as childhood trauma, high levels
of aggression and substance abuse were more likely to engage in suicidal activity, sexual misconduct and acts of
physical violence.

Question 10

DISPOSITIONAL EXPLANATION - RS

Answer 10

Camp + Gaes
No difference in aggression between low + high security prisons (33% v 36%) inmate characteristics more important

Question 11

DISPOSITIONAL EXPLANATION - IGNORES KEY FACTORS

Answer 11

Dilulio (1991)
How prison run, weak leadership, unofficial rules = administration control model
suggested that the importation model ignores the roles of prison officials and proposes that poor management of prisons leads to inmate violence including homicide and rioting.
Other factors include staff who are distant from inmates and few opportunities for education.
He referred to this as ACM - Administrative Control Model

Question 12

SITUATIONAL EXPLANATIONS - RS

Answer 12

Inmate homicides motivated by prison deprivation eg arguments over possessions, drugs (Cunningham et al)

Question 13

SITUATIONAL EXPLANATIONS - CONTRADICTORY FINDINGS

Answer 13

Hensley et al (2002) found that conjugal visits made no difference to levels of violence in male
and female prisons in Mississippi, USA