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2024 Science Yearly Revision > Agents for change > Flashcards

Agents for change Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosynthesis formula

A

carbon dioxide + water + energy –> glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

Respiration formula

A

Glucose + oxygen –> water + carbon dioxide + energy

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3
Q

Combustion formula

A

fuel + oxygen –> water + carbon dioxide + energy

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4
Q

Carbon cycle definition

A

nature’s reuse of carbon atoms which cycle from living organisms to the atmosphere and back again

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5
Q

Carbon sources definition

A

processes which releases carbon-containing gases

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6
Q

Carbon sources examples

A

Human emissions & release of greenhouse gases (i.e. combustion & use of fossil fuels)

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7
Q

Carbon sinks definition

A

processes which prevents or delays carbon release

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8
Q

Carbon sinks examples

A

Photosynthesis
Creation of fossils which store carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Lithosphere definition

A

Solid outer part of earth

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10
Q

Atmosphere

A

Gases (the air)

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11
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All water (including snow and ice)

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

All living things

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13
Q

Greenhouse effect process

A
  1. Sun’s energy hits Earth
  2. Some energy reflected into space
  3. Most energy absorbed by land and oceans
  4. Absorbed energy radiated upwards in form of heat
  5. Greenhouse gases absorb and redirect energy down, warming planet
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14
Q

Examples of greenhouse gases

A

Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide

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15
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect explanation

A

more greenhouse gases due to human emissions = too much energy/heat trapped = enhanced greenhouse effect = rising surface temp/global warming

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16
Q

Mitigation definition + example

A

Attempts to slow climate change (e.g. planting trees that absorb CO2)

17
Q

Adaptation definition + example

A

Developing ways to reduce people and places vulnerability to climate change (e.g. seawalls to protect against flooding)

18
Q

Acid + carbonate reaction & how to test carbon dioxide

A

acid + carbonate –> salt + carbon dioxide + water
test: bubbling co2 through limewater makes it milky

19
Q

Metal + acid reaction & how to test formation of hydrogen gas

A

acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen
test: pop test using lit match

20
Q

Acid and salt table

A

Hydrochloric acid: chloride
Sulfuric acid: sulfate
Nitric acid: nitrate

20
Q

Naming salts

A

metal name + acid name

21
Q

Acid rain process

A

high concentrations of polluting acidic gases (sulfur dioxide OR nitrogen oxides) can dissolve, react with water, forming sulfuric acid and nitric acid (acid rain)

22
Q

Sulfur dioxide origin

A

Combustion of sulfur from fossil fuels or volcanoes

23
Q

Nitrogen oxide origin

A

Combustion of nitrogen in car engines

24
Q

Negative effects of acid rain

A

Creates acidic fog and clouds
Removes minerals and nutrients from soil
Corrodes metal and deteriorates paint

25
Q

Corrosion reaction

A

Metal + oxygen —> metal oxide

26
Q

Corrosion of iron

A

Iron + oxygen + water —> iron oxide (rust)

27
Q

Corrosion effect

A

Destroys integrity of metal (weakens infrastructure and increases safety risks)

28
Q

Ocean acidification meaning

A

Reduction in pH levels in ocean over extended periods of time caused by increased CO2 levels in atmosphere

29
Q

Ocean acidification word equation

A

Water + carbon dioxide —> carbonic acid

30
Q

Ocean acidification process

A
  1. Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by ocean
  2. CO2 combined with water, forming carbonic acid
  3. High concentration of hydrogen ions = lower pH (more acidic)
31
Q

Impact of ocean acidification + word equation

A

Oceanic shells made of calcium carbonate will dissolve, decalcification (negative impact on shellfish species and marine food web)

acid + calcium carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

32
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another

33
Q

Kinetic energy definition

A

comes from movement

34
Q

Kinetic energy examples

A

Mechanical, electrical, thermal/heat, light, sound

35
Q

potential energy definition

A

energy stored for later use when needed

36
Q

potential energy examples

A

chemical, nuclear, gravitational, elastic

37
Q

energy efficiency word equation

A

useful energy output/total energy input (x100 for percentage)

2024 Science Yearly Revision (4 decks)

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