Ageing Process

Question 1

What is ageing?

Answer 1

Progressive, generalised impairment of function resulting in a loss of adaptive response to disease

Question 2

Why is there impairment of function as we get older?

Answer 2

Random molecular cell damage during replication
Inactivity, poor diet and increased inflammation
Reduction in adaptive capacity

Question 3

What is a telomere?

Answer 3

TTAGGG loop at the end of the chromosome

Question 4

What is cell senescence?

Answer 4

When useless/damaged cells are not destroy and they stick together

Question 5

What is the Hayflick limit?

Answer 5

Amount of times a cell can replicate before division stops

Question 6

Give 4 ways through which DNA damage occurs

Answer 6

Ionising radiation
Toxins
Reactive oxygen species from diet
Inflammation

Question 7

What are the 4 main responses to DNA damage?

Answer 7

Repair
Apoptosis
Senescence
Malignant transformation

Question 8

Which organs get priority for cell repair?

Answer 8

Reproductive organs

Question 9

Which two models are used to assess frailty?

Answer 9

Deficit accumulation (Rockwood)
Phenotypic (Fried score)

Question 10

What is the Rockwood method of assessing frailty?

Answer 10

Count deficits
Divide by number of body systems
To get a number between 0 and 1

Question 11

What is the phenotypic model for assessing frailty?

Answer 11

1 point for: 
Unintentional weight loss
Low grip strength
Self-reported exhaustion
Low activity 
Slow walking speed

Question 12

What score in the Fried score indicates frailty?

Answer 12

0 = non-frail
1-2 = pre-frail
3+ = frail