Age of Surgery

Question 1

Ambroise Pare

Answer 1

Father of surgery
Eliminated hot oil cautery of wounds
Vascular ligatures
Humble

Question 2

Ether day

Answer 2

First successful PUBLIC demo of ether, at Mass Gen in 1846

Question 3

Crawford Long

Answer 3

Used ether for surgery in 1842
First demo in Georgia in 1840s-50s
Not credited b/c lack of publicity

Question 4

Horace Wells

Answer 4

Dentist in MA
Saw demo of NO at fair by Gardner Colton, then did demo at Mass Gen but failed
Became addicted to chloroform, went crazy, suicide in jail

Question 5

Joseph Lister

Answer 5

Wounds must be KEPT CLEAN
Carbolic acid (PHENOL) used in sewage tx and typhoid, must affect microbes
Began cleaning instruments and wounds with phenol
Helped wounds heal by “SECOND INTENTION”
Peritoneal cavity became fair game after phenol

Question 6

Theodor Billroth

Answer 6

Refined LISTERIAN ANTISEPSIS
Daily post-op temp eval
New operations (first esophagectomy, laryngectomy, gastrectomy)
Trained many surgeons
Idea of wearing WHITE COAT/GOWN during surgery

Question 7

William Halsted

Answer 7

Disciple of LISTER’S ANTISEPSIS, student of Billroth
Performed one of 1st cholecystectomies on MOTHER
Known as CANCER SURGEON
First radical mastectomy
Experimented with cocaine, became addicted, sanitarium, morphine-dependent for 40 yrs
First chief of surgery at Johns Hopkins, started one of first surgery residencies
Rubber gloves

Question 8

William TG Morton

Answer 8

Wells’ student and partner
Credited (wrongly) with first public demo of ether on ETHER DAY in 1846
“Gentleman, this is no humbug”
Tried to patent ether as Letheon

Question 9

James Simpson

Answer 9

Discovered chloroform by accident

Question 10

Surgery pioneers

Answer 10

Joseph Lister
Theodor Billroth
William Halset

Question 11

Anesthesia pioneers

Answer 11

Crawford Long
Horace Wells
William TG Morton
James Simpson