aetiology and pathogenesis Flashcards
provide some plaque retentive factors
mouth breathing
overhanging restorations
defective restoration margins
calculus
misaligned teeth
tooth crowding
RPDs
Orthodontic treatment
give some risk factors for periodontal disease
smoking - keratinisation (false hope) and releases destructive cytokines (MMPs)
genetic predisposition - unavoidable (IL-1)
not a regular dental attender
medication - Ca channel blockers
stress, poor health and diet
diabetes
pregnancy and adolescence hormones (increase attendance)
give the process of how bacterial products cause periodontitis
1- products bind to TLR on epithelial cells
2- influx of neutrophils, leucocytes and monocytes, products bind to leucocytes and create neutrophil amplification loop
3- leucocytes secrete RANKL
4- RANKL > OPG imbalance and RANKL bind to RANK on osteoclast precursor
- causes osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption
5- rise in inflammatory cytokines and MMPs resulting in attachment loss
How does a biofilm form?
Planktonic cells first colonise and attach to surface
Adhesion between cells in a monolayer
These c ells then proliferate and further adhere to one another into a microcolony
This microcolony produces an EPS and forms a mature biofilm
