Aerosolized Antiinfective

Question 1

what is it

Answer 1

–increases the concentration of the drug that reaches the respiratory tract

Question 2

Indications for Aerosolized Pentamidine

Answer 2

–Prevention of PCP or PJP, in HIV- infected
–Fungi
–Respiratory infection in Pt with AIDs
–TMP-SMX is an oral drug that has lot of side effects

Question 3

Aerosolized Pentamidine: NebuPent

Answer 3

–Mode of Action: local targeted lung delivery
fewer or less severe side effects
not as effective as IV Pentamidine in the treatment of PCP

Question 4

What is PCP

Answer 4

–Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
–occurs with the suppression of the immune system
–Commonly AIDs
–also known as PJP
–Classification: antiprotozoal drug

Question 5

Pentamidine: NebuPent

Answer 5

-Dosage and Admin: 300mg, inhaled once every 4 weeks
–DPI, 300mg/vial, reconstituted with 6mL of sterile water

Question 6

Pentamidine: NebuPent

Answer 6

-Administration: Respirgard II nebulizer, one-way valves, and expiratory filter
–flow rate of 5-7 L/min from 50psi gas
–Duration: 30-45min
–filtered to limit exposure of healthcare workers
–Nebulizer performance: 1-2um

Question 7

Indications of Ribavirin

Answer 7

–Treatment of hospitalized infants with severe lower respiratory tract infection caused by RSV
–RSV is a virus that us usually seen in infants and presents itself with cold-like symptoms
–can cause bronchiolitis and pneumonia
–RSV can be seen in adults
–RSV spreads easily via personal contact or hand contamination

Question 8

Ribavirin (Virzaole)

Answer 8

–Antiviral Drug
–Treats: RSV, Flu, Herpes simplex virus

Question 9

Ribavirin Dosage

Answer 9

–12 to 18hr/day
–3-7 days
–cost more than $1000 per day
–supplied as 6g of powder in 100ml vial
–Diluted with sterile water for total volume of 300ml
0020mg/ml solution
–can be given with a face mask or via ventilator for intubated patients

Question 10

Ribavirin Admin.

Answer 10

–Use SPAG- 2 neb
–Large volume, pneumatically powered nev
–Approximately 1.3um,MMD

Question 11

Indications for Zanamivir

Answer 11

–Trade Name: Relenza
–Inhaled
–used for uncomplicated influenza illness
–influenza in adults and children 5yrs and over who been symptomatic for more than 2 days
–off-labels use for treatment and prophylaxis of H1N1 influenza A (swine flu)
–Antiviral agent

Question 12

Inhaled Zanamivir: Relenza

Answer 12

–Dosage And Admin: DPI (Diskhaler), 5mg/blister
Adults and children 5yrs+, two inhalation, taken twice a day, approx. 12hrs apart, 5 days
–may cause bronchospasm and should not be used in pt with preexisting lung disease

Question 13

Mode of Action Zanamivir

Answer 13

–blinds to enzyme neuraminidase, blocking the enzyme’s action
–without neuraminidase, viral particles would “stick” to each other and to the cell surface, preventing further infection