Aeronautical Decision Making and Crew Resource Management Flashcards
Define aeronautical decision making.
ADM is the systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.
During flight, decisions must be made regarding events that involve interactions between the four risk elements. What are these elements?
- Pilot in command
- The aircraft
- The environment
- The operation
The DECIDE model for decision making involves which elements?
- D etect a change needing attention
- E stimate the need to counter or react the change.
- C hoose the most desirable outcome for the flight.
- I dentify actions to successfully control the change.
- D o something to adapt to the change
- E valuate the effect of the action countering the change.
What are the major factors affecting judgment and decision making?
- Stress
- Health
- Attitude
- Experience
Name the five hazardous attitudes that negatively impact a pilot’s judgment and ability to make cometent decisions and their antidotes.
- Anti-authority - Follow the rules, they are usually right
- Impulsivity - Think first, not so fast
- Invulnerability - It could happen to me.
- Macho - Taking chances is foolish
- Resignation - I can make a difference, I am not helpless
What does crew resource managment (CRM) refer to?
The application of team management concepts in the flight deck environment.
Which groups routinely working with the cockpit crew may also be viewed as effective components of CRM and the decision making process in the cockpit?
- Pilots
- Dispatchers
- Cabin Crew
- Maintenance Personnel
- Air Traffic Controllers
Discuss the importance of understanding the concept of positive exchange of flight controls, as it relates to flight training.
There must always be a clear understanding of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to the flight, there should be a briefing on the procedure for exchanging the flight controls. A positive three step process is recommended:
- Pilot 1 - “I have the airplane”
- Pilot 2 - “You have the airplane”
- Pilot 1 - “I have the airplane”
What is situational awareness?
The accurate perception and understanding of all the factors and conditions within the four fundamental risk elements affecting safety before, during and after the flight.
Situational awareness takes into consideration which four elements?
- Pilot
- Aircraft
- Environment
- Type of Operation
and their interaction with each other
What are some of the elements, both inside and outside the aircraft, that a pilot must consider in order to maintain situational awareness?
- Inside aircraft
- Status of systems
- pilots
- passengers
- Outside aircraft
- environmental conditions
- spatial orientation of the aircraft
- relationship to the surrounding terrain
- traffic
- weather
- airspace
What are some of the obstacles to maintaining situational awareness?
- Fatigue
- Stress
- Work overload
- Distractions
What are “operational pitfalls”?
Classic behavioral traps into which pilots have been known to fall. Pilots as a rule always try to complete a flgiht as planned, please passengers, meet schedules, and generally deomonstrate that they have the “right stuff”. The basic drive to demonstrate the right stuff can have an adverse effect on safety, and can impose an unrealistic assessment of piloting skills under stressful conditions.
What are some examples of operational pitfalls that pilots have been known to experience?
- Peer pressure
- Mindset
- Get-there-itis
- Duck-under syndrome (Descent below minums
- Scud running
- Continuing VFR into IMC
- Getting behind the aircraft
- Loss of positional or situational awareness
- Operating without adequate fuel reserves
- Descent below the minimum enroute altitude
- Flying outside the envelope
- Neglect of flight planning, preflight inspections, and checklists.
Why are pilots encouraged to use checklists?
They provide a logical and standardized method to operate a particular make and model airplane. Following the checklist reingorces the use of proper procedures throughtout all major phases of flight.
