Aeromedical - Hangar flashcards
What are the three protective measures needed to prevent or reduce toxic substance exposure?
- Individual
- Cockpit
- General
What are the four safety features provided by an aircraft?
- Structural shell - prevent intrusion of structure in the occupiable living space
- Landing gear and crashworthy seats
- Personnel restraint system
- Post-crash factors - crashworthy fuel systems, self sealing fuel cells, break free self sealing fuel lines, and fire extinguishing systems
Which one of the safety features are essential for survival?
(Structural Shell) Provided an occupiable living space
What is an example of a safety feature of the aircraft?
Break Resistant Fuel Lines (Post-Crash Factors)
What are the ONLY 3 types of material that ARE allowed for underwear?
- Cotton
- Wool
- Nomex These are Flame Resistant Materials
Can the three types of underwear material be combined?
Yes
What MAY be used in the rinse cycle to remove body oils?
Fabric Softeners
What setting can you IRON the NOMEX flight suit and at what temperature?
Permanent Press Setting @ Medium Temperature
What temps can you wash flight suits and NOMEX?
Flight Suits < 180
NOMEX < 120
What can you NOT wear on your flight suit?
Metal Badges
What is The Definition of Acceleration?
The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
What are the factors that determine the effects of acceleration of the human body?
(BIRDI)
Body Area and site - Greater area = lesser effects
Intensity - increases effect
Rate of Onset - increases effect
Duration - increases effect
Impact Direction - increases effect
What is the definition of Inertia?
The resistance to a change in the state of rest or motion.
What are Low Magnitude Accelerations?
G’s that range from 1 to 10 G’s and last for several seconds.
What are the factors that reduce the overall efficiency of the body, especially the circulatory system, to withstand G’s called?
Decremental Factors
What are the factors that enhance the ability of the body to withstand G-forces called?
Incremental Factors
Name a criteria that occupant survivability is contingent upon during an accident?
Occupiable living space: Two objects cannot occupy that same space
What are aircraft design features that enhance crash survivability?
(CREEP)
Container
Restraint System
Environment
Energy Absorption
Post Crash Factors
(1)__________ is the mechanical radiant energy that is transmitted by (2)___________ pressure waves.
Sound
longitudinal
Noise is a (1)_______ that is (2)_________, _________, or _________
1) sound
2) loud, unpleasant, or unwanted
4 NOISE Effects Are:
- Annoyance
- Fatigue
- Speech Interference
- Hearing Loss
True or False? Noise has measurable characteristics.
True
What are the three measurable characteristics of NOISE?
(F.I.D.)
Frequency
Intensity
Duration
What is Sensorineural Hearing Loss?
The cochlea is damaged (permanent hearing loss)
What are the four types of stressors?
Psychosocial Stressors
Environmental Stressors
Physiological Stressors
Cognitive Stressors
In Army aircraft, the overall noise levels are generally equal to or exceed what?
100 dB
What is Amplitude?
The maximum displacement of an object from its position at rest.
What are the three components of VIBRATION?
(F.A.D.)
Frequency
Amplitude
Duration
What are the short-term effects that vibration can cause?
FCMDR - (flight commander)
Fatigue
Circulatory effects
Motion sickness
Disorientation
Respiratory effects
What are some long-term effects of VIBRATION?
Raynads disease
Backache/back pain
Kidney/lung damage
What are the physical divisions of the atmosphere?
Troposphere - Extends to an Alt. of 30,000 ft. at the poles, and 60,000 ft. at the equator.
**Tropopause** - boundary between troposphere and stratosphere.
Stratosphere** - troposphere to about 50 miles upward. **Ionosphere - end of stratosphere upward to 600 miles. Exosphere - end of ionosphere to about 1200 miles (true space)
What are the physiological zones of the atmosphere? What altitudes are the zones at?
- Efficient Zone: Sea level to 10,000 ft.
- Deficient Zone: 10,000 ft. to 50,000 ft.
- Space Equivalent Zone: Above 50,000 ft.
Which physiological zone is lethal to humans?
Space Equivalent Zone
What is the standard Sea Level Atmospheric Pressure?
760 mm/Hg (reduces by half at 18,000 ft)
or
29.92 inches mercury
What are the substances that make up the mixture of air?
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Other - 1%
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
- Transport O2 and nutrients to cells
- Transport metabolic wastes to organ removal sites
- Assists in temperature regulation
What are the components and functions of blood?
Plasma - transports CO2 in blood
White Blood Cells - fights infection
Platelets - aid in blood coagulation
Red Blood Cells - transports nearly 98.5% of all O2 in blood.
What are the functions of Respiration?
Provide O2 to cells
Remove carbon dioxide from cells
Assist in maintaining body temperature
Assist in maintaining body acid-base balance
What are the two phases of External Respiration?
Active - inhalation
Passive - exhalation
What is the definition of Hypoxia?
A condition that results from having an insufficient amount of oxygen in the body.
What are the four types of Hypoxia?
- Hypemic
- Stagnant
- Histotoxic
- Hypoxic
When does Hypoxic Hypoxia occur? What is the cause?
Occurs when there is not enough oxygen in the air.
CAUSE: High Altitude
What is Hypemic Hypoxia?
What is the cause?
A reduction in the oxygen carrying capability of the blood.
CAUSE: Blood loss or carbon monoxide.
What is Stagnant Hypoxia?
What is the cause?
Inadequate circulation of the blood.
CAUSE: Heart failure or high G Maneuvers.
When does Histotoxic Hypoxia occur?
What is the cause?
Occurs when there is interference with the use of O2 (OXYGEN) by body tissue.
CAUSE: Alcohol and drugs.
What are the four stages of Hypoxia? and Altitudes associated?
- Indifferent 0-10,000 MSL
- Compensatory 10,000-15,000 MSL
- Disturbance 15,000-20,000 MSL
- Critical 20,000 - 25,000 MSL (or 20,000 + depending on ref)
Which of the four stages of hypoxia is the most dangerous and kills the most soldiers?
Indifferent
How Do You Prevent Hypoxic Hypoxia? (this is the most common type)
- Limit time at altitude
- Use supplemental oxygen during night flights above 4000ft.
- Utilize a pressurized cabin (if possible)
How do you TREAT Hypoxia?
- Give 100% Oxygen. (if you can)
- Descend below 10,000 feet.
What is the only significant effect of mild hypoxia at the indifferent stage?
Night vision deteriorates at about 4,000 ft.
Hyperventilation is an (1)___________ and (2)____________ of respiration leading to abnormal loss of (3)__________ from the blood.
1) excessive rate
2) depth
3) CO2
What is the difference between signs and symptoms?
Symptoms are observed by the individual.
Signs are observed by the crewmember(s).